Reexamination of the Association Between Anonymity and Self-Interested Unethical Behavior in Adults

Nogami, Tatsuya

doi:10.1007/bf03395662

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The online experiment and the use of coin‐flip were designed to make all participants highly anonymous toward the experimenter in an artificial experimental setting. Consistent with past research (Nogami, 2009; Nogami & Takai, 2008; Nogami & Yoshida, in press), the observed chance of winning the reward statistically deviated from the expected chance only in the self‐reward condition, supporting Hypothesis 1.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Hypothesis 1 assumes that rule‐breaking will occur only in the self‐reward condition. This hypothesis is based on the findings that rule‐breaking is more likely to occur in pursuit of material gain in an anonymous situation (Nogami, 2009), but not for an altruistic purpose (Nogami & Yoshida, in press).…”

Section: Hypotheses Of the Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in past relevant research, it artificially creates an anonymous situation. Nonetheless, notwithstanding all the findings related to the effects of anonymity on human behavior, recent studies have pointed out that anonymity was not appropriately manipulated in past research (Moshagen, Hilbig, & Musch, 2011; Nogami, 2009; Nogami & Takai, 2008). Therefore, in order to replicate a higher degree of anonymity in artificial experimental situations, the present study also pays particular attention to the manipulation of anonymity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rule‐breaking in an anonymous situation: When people decide to deviate from existing rules

Nogami

Yoshida

2013

Int J Psychol

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The present study examined how soon people would make a decision to break existing rules in an anonymous situation, with particular attention paid to the degree of anonymity. A total of 100 participants were randomly assigned to either a self-reward condition or an other-reward condition, in both of which they were asked to flip a coin twice in each of the four coin-flip trials to win the assigned reward. As predicted, the results showed that only participants in the self-reward condition broke the assignment rules for obtaining the reward, and they only did so in the very last coin-flip trial. In sum, the present findings suggest that people do not break existing rules for material gain as soon as they become anonymized, but some may do so at the very last moment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Hypotheses Of the Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rule‐breaking in an anonymous situation: When people decide to deviate from existing rules

Nogami

Yoshida

2013

Int J Psychol

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“…In addition, our findings suggest that the effectiveness of self‐appeals versus behaviour appeals might be moderated by the context of the behaviour: The effectiveness of the self‐appeals was stronger in social interaction settings compared to anonymous settings. Previous studies have suggested that the presence of others may deter unethical behaviour, whereas anonymity might increase it (Nogami, ; Zhong et al, ). It is possible that in social interaction settings, where the self‐concept is more salient (Oyserman, ), messages that appeal to the self are more effective in reducing unethical behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To be an honest person or not to be a cheater: Replicating the effect of messages relating to the self on unethical behaviour

Savir

Gamliel

2018

Int J Psychol

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Previous research has found that negative-valence appeals relating to the self (Don't be a cheater) are more effective at reducing unethical behaviour than appeals relating to behaviour (Don't cheat). We aimed to replicate these findings and examine whether positive-valence appeals relating to the self (Be an honest person) and to behaviour (Answer honestly) could have a similar effect. We ran five experiments with Israeli and U.S. samples, using social interaction and anonymous settings, and different methodologies: Die roll, coin-flip and number choice. A meta-analysis of the five experiments revealed a small effect of the self-appeals relative to the behaviour-appeals. These findings provide additional support for the theoretical explanation offered in terms of the role of the self in regulating unethical behaviour. However, the effect sizes found in our experiments were smaller than the ones previously reported. We discuss the merit in using self-appeals to reduce unethical behaviour, the possible advantage of positive-valence self-appeals, and the possible moderating role of the setting in which the behaviour takes place: Social interaction versus anonymous settings.

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“…A poll station has a very distinct role, because it is the first and the last time every stakeholder of the election like a voter, a party official, an election official, a police, meet in person as a stakeholder role. Humans tend to value meeting in person as a strong point to prevent unethical behavior [17]. The value of trustworthiness in each poll station will determine the risk of tampering the whole election result.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study On Election Result Risk Model Using Multiagent Simulation

Rully

Nakazato

2014

Journal of Information Processing

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Abstract:Election is an essential tool in democracy, and with the advancement of information technology nowadays, all aspects of election quality have also been greatly enhanced. Nevertheless, the quality from the trust aspect is still a distant goal especially in the developing world where the bond of trust between each stakeholder of the society is not as strong as in a developed country. Thus, it is also vital to understand the election from various aspects with the aim to improve it. This paper proposes a tool to understand the risk on an election result by approaching from a risk model of election result handling and simulating the model using a multi-agent simulation.

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Reexamination of the Association Between Anonymity and Self-Interested Unethical Behavior in Adults

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Rule‐breaking in an anonymous situation: When people decide to deviate from existing rules

Rule‐breaking in an anonymous situation: When people decide to deviate from existing rules

To be an honest person or not to be a cheater: Replicating the effect of messages relating to the self on unethical behaviour

Study On Election Result Risk Model Using Multiagent Simulation

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