Reexamination of ultra‐thin nipple shield use, infant growth and maternal satisfaction

Chertok, Ilana R. Azulay

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02912.x

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The exception to this was nipple shields. The preference for nipple shields is consistent with other studies showing that women are satisfied with their use of nipple shields, indeed, found them indispensible in aiding to achieve breastfeeding goals, and would use them again in the future [31-35]. Nipple shields are unique amongst the repertoire of second-line strategies by facilitating almost direct breastfeeding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Breastfeeding self-efficacy of women using second-line strategies for healthy term infants in the first week postpartum: an Australian observational study

Keemer

2013

Int Breastfeed J

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BackgroundBreastfeeding self-efficacy (BFSE) supports breastfeeding initiation and duration. Challenges to breastfeeding may undermine BFSE, but second-line strategies including nipple shields, syringe, cup, supply line and bottle feeding may support breastfeeding until challenges are resolved. The primary aim of this study was to examine BFSE in a sample of women using second-line strategies for feeding healthy term infants in the first week postpartum.MethodsA retrospective self-report study was conducted using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale - Short Form (BSES-SF), demographic and infant feeding questionnaires. Breastfeeding women who gave birth to a singleton healthy term infant at one private metropolitan birthing facility in Australia from November 2008 to February 2009 returned anonymous questionnaires by mail.ResultsA total of 128 (73 multiparous, 55 primiparous) women participated in the study. The mean BSES-SF score was 51.18 (Standard deviation, SD: 12.48). The median BSES-SF score was 53. Of women using a second-line strategy, 16 exceeded the median, and 42 were below. Analyses using Kruskal-Wallis tests confirmed this difference was statistically significant (H = 21.569, p = 0.001). The rate of second-line strategy use was 48%. The four most commonly used second-line strategies were: bottles with regular teats (77%); syringe feeding (44%); bottles with wide teats (34%); and nipple shields (27%). Seven key challenges were identified that contributed to the decision to use second-line strategies, including: nipple pain (40%); unsettled infant (40%); insufficient milk supply (37%); fatigue (37%); night nursery care (25%); infant weight loss > 10% (24%); and maternal birth associated pain (20%). Skin-to-skin contact at birth was commonly reported (93%). At seven days postpartum 124 women (97%) were continuing to breastfeed.ConclusionsThe high rate of use of second-line strategies identified in this study and high rate of breastfeeding at day seven despite lower BFSE indicate that such practices should not be overlooked by health professionals. The design of this study does not enable determination of cause-effect relationships to identify factors which contribute to use of second-line strategies. Nevertheless, the significantly lower BSES-SF score of women using a second-line strategy highlights this group of women have particular needs that require attention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Breastfeeding self-efficacy of women using second-line strategies for healthy term infants in the first week postpartum: an Australian observational study

Keemer

2013

Int Breastfeed J

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“…Another telephone survey conducted by Chertok 16 and published in 2009 evaluated the effect of NSs on infant weight gain. Fifty-four mothers with term infants who had experience nursing with and without an NS were enrolled.…”

Section: Mothers' Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nipple Shields: A Review of the Literature

McKechnie

Eglash²

2010

Breastfeeding Medicine

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Nipple shields have become commonplace in the United States for a wide range of breastfeeding problems. This article is a summary of the current literature describing the evidence for nipple shield use. The authors reviewed all available articles on nipple shields and selected 13 studies for inclusion. The studies were organized into three categories: physiologic responses, premature infants, and mothers' experiences. This review concludes that current published research does not provide evidence for safety or effectiveness of contemporary nipple shield use.

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“…Nipple shields are a technology that consists of a thin, flexible silicone shield that sits atop the mother's areola and nipple to facilitate nipple shape and to enable the infant to maintain a strong latch and suction pattern without slipping off the nipple (Chertok, 2009;Geddes et al, 2008;Hanna, Wilson, & Norwood, 2013;Meier, Furman, & Degenhardt, 2007;Meier et al, 2000). This technology is often associated with preterm infants; however, the application of the nipple shield has spread into the span of interventions to support infants born with congenital anomalies as well as healthy term infants.…”

Section: Nipple Shieldsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Any infant who shows signs of immature suction pressure could potentially benefit from the use of a nipple shield. Women report high levels of satisfaction and comfort using a nipple shield as a lactation technology and intervention (Chertok, 2009;Hanna and colleagues 2013). It is important to note that the duration of the intervention is not short term.…”

Section: Nipple Shieldsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Use of Technologies to Support Human Milk & Breastfeeding

Froh

Hallowell

Spatz

2015

Journal of Pediatric Nursing

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Reexamination of ultra‐thin nipple shield use, infant growth and maternal satisfaction

Abstract: Nipple shield use may facilitate breastfeeding when clinically indicated in maternal-infant dyads without risk of decreased infant weight gain.

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Breastfeeding self-efficacy of women using second-line strategies for healthy term infants in the first week postpartum: an Australian observational study

Breastfeeding self-efficacy of women using second-line strategies for healthy term infants in the first week postpartum: an Australian observational study

Nipple Shields: A Review of the Literature

The Use of Technologies to Support Human Milk & Breastfeeding

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