“…These scholars highlighted the need to research neglected areas such as teacher education, curriculum, designing learning objectives and the need for high-quality question papers to improve learning outcomes. Scholars such as AL Harrasi (2023), Alnasser (2022), Desrochers et al (2018) and Phoophuangpairoj and Pipattarasakul (2022) have concentrated on teacher-generated and computer-generated feedback to improve the quality of students’ writing. Other researchers have paid attention to incorporating innovative use of technology, for example, computational thinking (Peng et al , 2023), using collaborative automatic assessment systems (Zhang, 2022) and particle swarm optimization (Wang et al , 2022), using of Edmodo and Google Docs (Adhami and Taghizadeh, 2022), flipped classrooms with teacher-made video content and interactive writing group activities (Khojasteh et al , 2021).…”