Reexamining the Association Between Smoking and Periodontitis in the Dunedin Study With an Enhanced Analytical Approach

Zeng, Jiaxu; Williams, Sheila; Fletcher, David; Cameron, Claire; Broadbent, Jonathan M.; Shearer, Dara M.; Thomson, W. Murray

doi:10.1902/jop.2014.130577

Cited by 45 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Cannabis use was associated with attachment loss, which can result in tooth loss. 26,36 A similar association was observed for tobacco use, consistent with previous research. 26,36,51 Tobacco’s effect on periodontal disease is thought to be mediated through increased inflammation and vasoconstriction, 51 which may or may not be the case for cannabis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…26,36 A similar association was observed for tobacco use, consistent with previous research. 26,36,51 Tobacco’s effect on periodontal disease is thought to be mediated through increased inflammation and vasoconstriction, 51 which may or may not be the case for cannabis. Cannabis use was not associated with systemic inflammation here or elsewhere, 30,39 but prior research has shown that cannabis can induce vasoconstriction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Associations Between Cannabis Use and Physical Health Problems in Early Midlife

et al. 2016

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Importance Following major policy changes in the United States, policy makers, clinicians, and the general public seek information about whether recreational cannabis use is associated with physical health problems later in life. Objective To test associations between cannabis use over twenty years and a variety of physical health indices at early midlife. Design A 38-year, prospective, longitudinal study of a representative birth cohort. Setting The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study of New Zealand. Participants The study included 1,037 male and female participants. Exposure We assessed frequency of cannabis use and also cannabis dependence at ages 18, 21, 26, 32, and 38 years. Main Outcomes and Measures We obtained laboratory measures of physical health (periodontal health, lung function, systemic inflammation, and metabolic health), as well as self-reported physical health, at ages 26 and 38. Results Cannabis use was associated with poorer periodontal health at age 38 and within-individual decline in periodontal health from age 26–38. For example, 55.61% of those with 15+ joint years had periodontal disease, compared with 13.53% of those who never used cannabis. Cannabis use was unrelated to other physical health problems, however. Unlike cannabis use, tobacco use was associated with worse lung function, systemic inflammation, and metabolic health at age 38, as well as within-individual decline in health from age 26 to 38. Conclusions and Relevance Cannabis use for up to 20 years is associated with periodontal disease but is not associated with other physical health problems in early midlife.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Associations Between Cannabis Use and Physical Health Problems in Early Midlife

et al. 2016

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“…Controlling for “destination SES” (that is, in adulthood) did make a difference, most notably for those oral disease characteristics with either a considerable “filled” component to them (such as DMFT and root DFS) or a more recent pattern of development (such as root DS or periodontitis). The latter is heavily influenced by recent smoking, and that is strongly associated with age‐38 SES in this cohort . Arguably, though, we should not control for SES in adulthood in this study, given that childhood IQ is itself an important predictor of SES in adulthood (in the Dunedin cohort, the mean standardized childhood IQ scores in the high, medium and low age‐38 SES groups were 108.8, 99.2 and 92.2, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Childhood IQ predicts age‐38 oral disease experience and service‐use

Thomson

Broadbent

Caspi

et al. 2019

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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Objectives Given that people with higher intelligence have been shown to live longer, enjoy better health and have more favourable health behaviours, we investigated the association between childhood IQ and a range of important dental health and service‐use indicators at age 38. Methods Long‐standing prospective study of a complete birth cohort, with childhood IQ (assessed at ages 7, 9, 11 and 13 years) used to allocate participants (N = 818) to one of four ordinal categories of childhood IQ. Results There were distinct and consistent gradients by childhood IQ in almost all of the dental caries experience measures (with the exception of filled teeth) whereby each was most severe in the lowest child IQ category and least severe in the highest; the exception was the mean FT score, for which there was no discernible gradient. Indicators of self‐care and periodontal disease experience showed similar gradients, and multivariate modelling using the continuous IQ score confirmed the observed patterns. Conclusions Childhood cognitive function is a key determinant of oral health and dental service‐use by midlife, with those of lower cognitive capacity as children likely to have poorer oral health, less favourable oral health‐related beliefs, and more detrimental self‐care and dental visiting practices by age 38. There is a need to shape dental clinical services and public health interventions so that people with the poorest cognitive function do not continue to be disadvantaged.

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“…Users of multiple illicit drugs have poorer periodontal status. This association has been found among drug users without crack cocaine use, 33–35 when the main drug was heroin, 36 , 37 methamphetamine, 15 , 16 marijuana, 38 and cocaine 13 , 30 . Evidence has demonstrated individuals dependent on illicit drugs rarely restrict themselves to only one type of drug during the course of their dependence 39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%