Reference Intervals of Serum Non-Cholesterol Sterols by Gender in Healthy Japanese Individuals

Abstract

The present study was conducted to establish a practical method for measuring non-cholesterol sterols and reference intervals of serum levels. Methods: Healthy subjects (109 men and 151 women), four patients with sitosterolemia, and 10 heterozygous mutation carriers of ABCG5/ABCG8 genes were investigated. Then, three non-cholesterol sterols (sitosterol, campesterol, and lathosterol) of fasting serum samples were measured via a practical and highly sensitive gas chromatography (GC) method with 0.2 µg/mL as the lower limit of quantification. The coefficient of variation (CV) values for within-run reproducibility were 3.06%, 1.89%, and 1.77% for lathosterol, campesterol, and sitosterol, respectively. The CV values for between-run reproducibility were 2.81%, 2.06%, and 2.10% for lathosterol, campesterol, and sitosterol, respectively. Results: The serum levels of sitosterol and campesterol were significantly higher in women than in men, whereas the serum levels of lathosterol were significantly higher in men than in women. Because of these gender difference, the determination of reference intervals of the three sterol values was performed by considering gender. The reference intervals of sitosterol, campesterol, and lathosterol were 0.99-3.88, 2.14-7.43, and 0.77-3.60 µg/mL in men and 1.03-4.45, 2.19-8.34, and 0.64-2.78 µg/mL in women, respectively. The serum levels of sitosterol and campesterol were higher in patients with sitosterolemia (94.3 47.3 and 66.3 36.6 µg/mL, respectively) than in healthy subjects. Conclusion: These results demonstrate a practical and highly sensitive GC method to measure non-cholesterol sterol levels and gender-segregated reference intervals of sitosterol, campesterol, and lathosterol in Japanese healthy subjects.

Relationship between Diabetes Mellitus and Serum Lathosterol and Campesterol Levels: The CACHE Study DM Analysis

“…Previous studies have reported that high cholesterol absorption had higher risks for CVD in a prospective cohort 9) or case-control 10) studies, suggesting that high cholesterol absorption is a risk and absorption, respectively, by gas chromatography at SRL Inc., Tokyo, Japan. The procedure of gas chromatography has been described elsewhere in detail 25) . In brief, 200 μL of serum was transferred to a glass tube, and the mixed solution of 2.5 mL of 1 M NaOH and ethanol was added.…”

Reference interval for serum concentration of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the healthy Japanese population

“…This process was repeated until exception data were not found any longer. 13 In addition, 2.5-97.5 percentiles of sdLDL-C and sdLDL-C/LDL-C as the reference intervals by a non-parametric analysis were calculated.…”

Premature Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Young Patient With Sitosterolemia

“…Patients theoretically should avoid foods rich in plant sterol. 1 Pharmacotherapy aimed at suppressing the absorption of plant sterol with ezetimibe and enhancing its excretion with biliary sequestrants such as colestimide is recommended. Statins can reduce LDL-C levels in sitosterolemic patients, although their effects may be limited.…”