Reference Model 6 (RM6): Oscillating Wave Energy Converter.

Bull, Diana L; Smith, Chris; Jenne, Dale; Jacob, Paul; Copping, Andrea; Willits, Steve; Fontaine, Arnold A.; Brefort, Dorian; Gordon, Margaret Ellen; Copeland, Robert A.; Jepsen, Richard Alan

doi:10.2172/1159445

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This device was extensively studied for the US Department of Energy sponsored Reference Model Project (Reference Model Project. Sandia National Laboratories., n.d.; Bull et al, 2014). Fig.…”

Section: Bbdbmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved understanding of the natural resonances of moonpools contained within floating rigid-bodies: Theory and application to oscillating water column devices

Bull

2015

Ocean Engineering

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a b s t r a c tThe fundamental interactions between waves, a floating rigid-body, and a moonpool that is selectively open to atmosphere or enclosed to purposefully induce pressure fluctuations are investigated. The moonpool hydrodynamic characteristics and the hydrodynamic coupling to the rigid-body are derived implicitly through reciprocity relations on an array of field points. By modeling the free surface of the moonpool in this manner, an explicit hydrodynamic coupling term is included in the equations of motion. This coupling results in the migration of the moonpool's natural resonance frequency from the piston frequency to a new frequency when enclosed in a floating rigid-body. Two geometries that highlight distinct aspects of marine vessels and oscillating water column (OWC) renewable energy devices are analyzed to reveal the coupled natural resonance migration. The power performance of these two OWCs in regular waves is also investigated. The air chamber is enclosed and a three-dimensional, linear, frequency domain performance model that links the rigid-body to the moonpool through a linear resistive control strategy is detailed. An analytic expression for the optimal linear resistive control values in regular waves is presented.

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Section: Bbdbmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved understanding of the natural resonances of moonpools contained within floating rigid-bodies: Theory and application to oscillating water column devices

Bull

2015

Ocean Engineering

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“…A range of costs was given (Copping and Geerlofs [4]) as an acknowledgement of the large amount of uncertainty in their calculations. [16]) describes an oscillating surge wave energy converter (WEC) and RM-6 (Bull et al [17]) an oscillating water column energy converter.…”

Section: Comparing Actual Project Data To Reference Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Energy Environmental Permitting and Compliance Costs

et al. 2021

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Costs to permit Marine Energy projects are poorly understood. In this paper we examine environmental compliance and permitting costs for 19 projects in the U.S., covering the last 2 decades. Guided discussions were conducted with developers over a 3-year period to obtain historical and ongoing project cost data relative to environmental studies (e.g., baseline or pre-project site characterization as well as post-installation effects monitoring), stakeholder outreach, and mitigation, as well as qualitative experience of the permitting process. Data are organized in categories of technology type, permitted capacity, pre- and post-installation, geographic location, and funding types. We also compare our findings with earlier logic models created for the Department of Energy (i.e., Reference Models). Environmental studies most commonly performed were for Fish and Fisheries, Noise, Marine Habitat/Benthic Studies and Marine Mammals. Studies for tidal projects were more expensive than those performed for wave projects and the range of reported project costs tended to be wider than ranges predicted by logic models. For eight projects reporting full project costs, from project start to FERC or USACE permit, the average amount for environmental permitting compliance was 14.6%.

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“…The fabricated cost per kg for steel structures was found through linear regression of values quoted to WEC developers from the WES programme and from the literature, including values for WECs [31,33,39,44,45] and for ship hulls [46]. This is shown in Figure 7 along with datapoints for the cost of ship hulls.…”

Section: Sota Structure Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bringing Structure to the Wave Energy Innovation Process with the Development of a Techno-Economic Tool

Roberts¹,

Henderson²,

Garcia-Teruel

et al. 2021

Energies

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Current wave energy development initiatives assume that available designs have the potential for success through continuous learning and innovation-based cost reduction. However, this may not be the case, and potential winning technologies may have been overlooked. The scenario creation tool presented in this paper provides a structured method for the earliest stages of design in technology development. The core function of the scenario creation tool is to generate and rank scenarios of potential Wave Energy Converter (WEC) attributes and inform the user on the areas of the parameter space that are most likely to yield commercial success. This techno-economic tool uses a structured innovation approach to identify commercially attractive and technically achievable scenarios, with a scoring system based on their power performance and costs. This is done by leveraging performance and cost data from state-of-the-art wave energy converters and identifying theoretical limits to define thresholds. As a result, a list of scored solutions is obtained depending on resource level, wave energy converter hull shape, size, material, degree of freedom for power extraction, and efficiency. This scenario creation tool can be used to support private and public investors to inform strategy for future funding calls, and technology developers and researchers in identifying new avenues of innovation.

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Reference Model 6 (RM6): Oscillating Wave Energy Converter.

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

An improved understanding of the natural resonances of moonpools contained within floating rigid-bodies: Theory and application to oscillating water column devices

An improved understanding of the natural resonances of moonpools contained within floating rigid-bodies: Theory and application to oscillating water column devices

Marine Energy Environmental Permitting and Compliance Costs

Bringing Structure to the Wave Energy Innovation Process with the Development of a Techno-Economic Tool

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