Reference ranges of atrioventricular valve areas by means of four‐dimensional ultrasonography using spatiotemporal image correlation in the rendering mode

Abstract

Reference curves for fetal atrioventricular valve areas were determined and presented good reproducibility.

Fetal Myocardial Wall Area: Constructing a Reference Range by Means of Spatiotemporal Image Correlation in the Rendering Mode

“…According to Fleiss [31], an ICC of 0.81-1.00 ensures an almost perfect reliability that may be adopted in clinical practice. In this respect, Rolo et al [15] obtained an ICC of ≥0.93 for intra- and interobserver reproducibility of the measurement of the fetal tricuspid valve surface area using cardio-STIC application in the rendering mode, whereas Nardozza et al [17] obtained an ICC of 0.99 for interobserver reproducibility of the measurement of the interventricular septum surface area using 3DUS in the rendering mode.…”

“…The upper limit of 33 weeks 6 days of gestation was established because after this GA, the fetus position on the back and the imaging artifacts from the ribs are more frequent, hampering or even preventing the adequate analysis of fetal cardio-STIC [13,14,15,16,17]. …”

“…According to Turan et al [12], by using a low level of transparency, the rendering mode can be applied to the fetal heart at the boundary between the cardiac chambers and ventricular walls, thereby allowing improved visualization of cardiac structures. Previous studies using 3DUS have evaluated the atrioventricular valve annulus [13,14,15] and the thickness of the interventricular septum in normal fetal hearts [16,17]. …”

Role of 3-D Ultrasound in Clinical Obstetric Practice: Evolution Over 20 Years

“…Notwithstanding, STIC and VOCAL can be used to calculate cardiac volume, and Uittenbogaard et al (2010aUittenbogaard et al ( , 2010b, Herberg et al (2011) and Hamill et al (2011) reported that imaging of fetal cardiac structures and volumetry, using STIC and VOCAL, is a reliable and accurate method for calculating volumes of 30 mL upward, both in vivo and in vitro. Although caution should be exerted in the calculation of cardiac structures in both the pediatric and adult settings, Rolo et al (2013) have reported the mean area of the tricuspid and mitral valves to range from 0.19 to 0.20 cm 2 at 18 wk and from 0.93 to 1.06 cm 2 at 33 wk of gestation, respectively. In addition, the calculated reference range for the fetal interventricular septum has been found to correlate with gestational age (r 5 0.81) and to increase from 0.47 cm 2 at 18 wk to 2.42 cm 2 at 33 wk of gestation, respectively ).…”

Avaliação cardíaca fetal por meio da ultrassonografia 3D/4D (STIC): qual é sua real aplicabilidade no diagnóstico das doenças cardíacas congênitas?

“…Thus, to obtain relevant information about cardiac function is possible due to the CHD [11]. More recently, a new approach to STIC rendering mode analysis obtained measurements of mitral and tricuspid valves areas, and also and the interventricular septum, determining reference values for these parameters, making it feasible to apply in suspected or pathological cases [12,13].…”