Reference Ranges of Cholesterol Sub-Fractions in Random Healthy Adults in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Abstract

In Burkina Faso, the values that serve as clinical chemistry reference ranges are those provided by European manufacturers’ insert sheets based on reference of the Western population. However, studies conducted so far in some African countries reported significant differences in normal laboratory ranges compared with those of the industrialized world. The aim of this study was to determine reference values of cholesterol fractions in apparently normal adults in Burkina Faso that could be used to better assess the risks related to cardiovascular diseases. Study population was 279 healthy subjects aged from 15 to 50 years including 139 men and 140 women recruited at the Regional Center of Blood Transfusion of Ouagadougou, capital city of Burkina Faso (West Africa). Exclusion criteria based on history and clinical examination were used for defining reference individuals. The dual-step precipitation of HDL cholesterol sub-fractions using dextran sulfate was performed according to the procedure described by Hirano. The medians were calculated and reference values were determined at 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. The median and upper ranges for total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total HDL cholesterol and HDL2 cholesterol were observed to be higher in women in comparison to men (p <0.05). These reference ranges were similar to those derived from other African countries but lower than those recorded in France and in USA. This underscores the need for such comprehensible establishment of reference values for limited resources countries. Our study provides the first cholesterol sub-fractions (HDL2 and HDL3) reference ranges for interpretation of laboratory results for cardiovascular risk management in Burkina Faso.

Análisis clínico-epidemiológico de las subfracciones HDL2 y HDL3 en adultos de la ciudad de Maracaibo, Venezuela

“…Al comparar los resultados en las subfracciones de HDL-C obtenidas en este estudio con respecto a otras poblaciones encontramos cifras que difieren, así por ejemplo, Kim et al (22) encontró en una población europea un promedio de HDL3 más alto (mujeres: 49 ± 11 mg/dL y hombres: 39 ± 11 mg/dL), mientras que el promedio de HDL2 fue más elevado en mujeres (mujeres: 14,7±7,8 mg/dL y hombres: 8,5±5,3 mg/dL). Por su parte, en un estudio realizado por Koumaré et al (23) , en sujetos de Burkina Faso el promedio de HDL3 fue igual en hombres y mujeres (26,2 mg/dL), y el promedio de HDL2 en hombres fue 15,4 mg/ dL y en mujeres fue 18,9 mg/dL, valores similares a los obtenidos en esta investigación.…”

“…Además, se realizó una evaluación antropométrica, para determinar el peso se usó una balanza digital (Tanita, TBF-310 GS Body Composition Analyzer, Tokio-Japón), y para la talla, un tallímetro calibrado. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) se calculó mediante la fórmula de Quetelec [peso/talla 2 ] y se clasificó a los sujetos según los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS): bajo peso (<18,5 kg/m 2 ), normopeso (18,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)9 kg/m 2 ), sobrepeso (25,0-29,9 kg/m 2 ), obesidad (≥30,0 kg/m 2 ) (13) . Se midió la circunferencia abdominal mediante una cinta métrica graduada en centímetros y milímetros, tomando como referencia anatómica un punto equidistante entre el reborde costal y la cresta iliaca antero-superior, los valores utilizados para definir obesidad abdominal fueron ≥90 cm para hombres y ≥80 cm para mujeres según los criterios del consenso IDF/NHLBIAHA/WHF/IAS/ IASO (14) , así como el diagnóstico del síndrome metabólico (SM).…”

Establishment of Lipid Profile Reference Intervals in a Sample Population of Halabja City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

“…To find any possible variation in the distribution of the lipid profile test variables, the subjects were classified according to age groups (<20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60 years old). The sample population was subjected to the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) exclusion criterion that eliminates anyone who has chronic diseases, including hypertension, CVD, diabetes, renal diseases, liver diseases, smokers, and alcohol takers [9]. Subjects with BMI>30 kg/m 2 were also excluded, while the mean value of BMI among all participants was 25.3±2.819 kg/m 2 .…”

“…Since dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) are accountable for most death numbers worldwide [4][5][6], understanding and evaluating lipid profile on a locally based distribution is crucial in clinical practice. Many researchers conducted their studies for the sake of evaluating the reference intervals of lipid profile and determine the higher risk groups for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in their local communities [7][8][9][10]. Yet, such studies are missing in Kurdistan region of Iraq.…”

Role of microRNA-33a/b in Cholesterol Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

“…The LDL cholesterol (LDLC) was calculated in mmol/L by using the Friedewald formula: LDLC = TC-HDLC-TG/2.2 [10]. Dyslipidemia has been defined for TC>4.67mmol/L, LDL>2.55mmol/L, HDL<1.15mmol/L, HDL2<0.43mmol/L, HDL3>0.68mmol/L according to the reference ranges of plasma lipids in Burkina Faso [11].…”