Reference ranges of lipids and apolipoproteins in pregnancy

Piechota, Wiesław; Staszewski, A

doi:10.1016/0028-2243(92)90190-a

Cited by 121 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Furthermore apolipoprotein B concentration has been shown to be highly correlated with coronary heart disease events, 27 so monitoring its concentration may also help in assessing treatment progress in susceptible mothers; however its value has not been studied prospectively in relation its changes in pregnancy. In line with previous studies, [3][4][5] our results showed significant increases in TG levels during pregnancy. This change is transient as demonstrated by the decrease in TG concentrations after pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…[3][4][5] When there is a hindrance of clearance of remnants of the triglycerides (TG)-rich lipoproteins or of lipolysis by genetic defects in apoE and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), dyslipidaemia and severe hypertriglyceridaemia may occur during pregnancy. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) facilitates the binding of lipoprotein particles to the LDL receptor and heparane sulphate and proteoglycans 6 and the ε4 allele has been associated with increased total cholesterol and consequent high risk for ischaemic heart disease in men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of ApoE genotype on the lipid profile and lipoproteins during normal pregnancy in a Southern African population

et al. 2016

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Background: Pregnancy is associated with increases in fasting triglycerides and total cholesterol.1 ApoE isoforms are known to influence the concentration of cholesterol, with apoE2 homozygosity lowering and apoE4 homozygosity raising the cholesterol concentration compared with E3 homozygosity.2 The lipid profiles ApoE status and prevalence of small dense LDL species were evaluated for subjects attending an antenatal clinic. Results: Samples from 690 women aged between 16 and 42 years of age were analyzed during and after pregnancy. The fasting plasma triglyceride concentration (in mmol/L) was significantly higher in pregnancy (median = 1.5, IQR 1.0-2.0 vs median = 0.6, IQR 0.5-0.8 respectively, p < 0.0001). Similarly, the total cholesterol (in mmol/L) was increased during pregnancy (median=4.1, IQR 3.6-4.7 vs median 3.5, IQR 3.1-3.5, respectively p=0.0167). The median LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol did not change. Higher proportions of small density LDL species were seen during pregnancy compared to after pregnancy. The distribution of the LDL species during pregnancy and 6 weeks post-partum were significantly different p<0.0001 with the smaller species being much higher during pregnancy. Conclusion: ApoE4 genotype was associated with increased total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations during pregnancy. Pregnancy results in a reversible remodeling of LDL to smaller species, the significance of which is unknown but may indicate a predisposition to atherosclerosis

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of ApoE genotype on the lipid profile and lipoproteins during normal pregnancy in a Southern African population

et al. 2016

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“…The aim was to investigate whether dietary increases in lipid profiles would down-regulate key CAPs during labour in the rat, providing a possible mechanism behind the dysfunctional labour and poor myometrial activity commonly observed in obese women (Crane et al 1997, Loverro et al 2001, Cedergren 2004, Weiss et al 2004, Zhang et al 2007). Significant elevations in serum CHOL and TAGs are a normal occurrence during pregnancy (Piechota & Staszewski 1992, Toescu et al 2004), but feeding a HFHC diet to rats 6 weeks prior to and during pregnancy significantly increased the circulatory levels of CHOL and TAGs when compared with Figure 2 The effects of feeding either a control (nZ8) or HFHC (nZ7) diet for 6 weeks prior to and during pregnancy on the concentrations of total cholesterol and TAG within maternal plasma and uterine tissue during parturition in the rat. Values are means with S.E.M.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet on markers of uterine contractility during parturition in the rat

Elmes

Tan²,

Cheng³

et al. 2011

Reproduction

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Increasing levels of obesity within women of reproductive age is a major concern in the UK. Approximately, 13% of women aged !30 and 22% of 31-to 40-year-old women are obese. Obesity increases complications during pregnancy and the risk of caesarean section due to prolonged labour and poor uterine activity. The aim was to investigate whether a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet decreases markers of uterine contractility during parturition in the rat. Female Wistar rats were fed control (CON, nZ10) or HFHC (nZ10) diets for 6 weeks. Animals were mated and, once pregnant, maintained on their diet throughout gestation. On gestational day 19, rats were monitored continuously and killed at the onset of parturition. Body and fat depot weights were recorded. Myometrial tissue was analysed for cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TAG), and expression of the contractile associated proteins gap junction protein alpha 1 (GJA1; also known as connexin-43, CX-43), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2; also known as cyclo-oxygenase-2, COX-2) and caveolin-1 (CAV1) and maternal plasma for prostaglandin F 2a (PGF 2a ) and progesterone. HFHC fed rats gained greater weight than CON (P!0.003) with significant increases in peri-renal fat (P!0.01). The HFHC diet increased plasma CHOL, TAG and progesterone, but decreased PGF 2a versus CON (P!0.01, P!0.01, PZ0.05 and P!0.02 respectively). Total CHOL and TAG levels of uterine tissue were similar. However, HFHC fed rats showed significant increases in PTGS2 (P!0.037), but decreases in GJA1 and CAV1 (PZ0.059). In conclusion, a HFHC diet significantly increases body weight and alters lipid profiles that correlate with decreases in key markers of uterine contractility. Further work is required to ascertain whether these changes have adverse effects on uterine activity.

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“…Pregnancy is known to cause 100-fold increases in endogenous reproductive hormones, including progesterone and estrogens (estriol, estrone, and 17-β estradiol), 45 as well as production of human placental lactogen. 46 During gestation, TC and LDL-C levels increase by 40%-50%, TG levels increase by more than 2-fold, 47,48 and HDL-C increases by 0-25%. During the puerperium, TG returns rapidly to baseline, 49,50 whereas TC and LDL-C 49 have a slower decline throughout the first year postpartum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Long-Term HDL-C Declines Associated with a First Birth Vary by apo E Phenotype? The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Gunderson

Whitmer

Lewis

et al. 2005

Journal of Women's Health

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Reference ranges of lipids and apolipoproteins in pregnancy

Cited by 121 publications

References 41 publications

The influence of ApoE genotype on the lipid profile and lipoproteins during normal pregnancy in a Southern African population

The influence of ApoE genotype on the lipid profile and lipoproteins during normal pregnancy in a Southern African population

The effects of a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet on markers of uterine contractility during parturition in the rat

Do Long-Term HDL-C Declines Associated with a First Birth Vary by apo E Phenotype? The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

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