Reference Values for Renal Size Obtained From MAG3 Scintigraphy

Abstract

Purpose The purposes of this study were to establish reference values for renal size determined from 99mTc-MAG3 renal scintigraphy and to derive regression equations to predict normal limits. Methods The study population consisted of 106 subjects evaluated for kidney donation who underwent 99mTc-MAG3 renal scintigraphy. Renal length, width, and area were determined from the pixel length and area of whole-kidney regions of interest and correlated with patient sex, height, weight, body mass index, and body surface area (BSA). Reference values were obtained based on estimation of the lower and upper percentiles via quantile regression. Results The mean (SD) left and right kidney lengths was 12.2 (1.0) and 12.1 (1.0) in male and 11.9 (0.9) and 11.8 (0.9) in female patients, respectively. Sex was not a significant factor in the quantile regression models. Regression equations defining the lower and upper limits of renal length (cm) and area (cm2) are as follows: left kidney length (5th percentile), 8.2 + 1.3 × BSA; left kidney length (95th percentile), 9.1 + 2.3 × BSA; right kidney length (5th percentile), 8.8 + 1.0 × BSA; right kidney length (95th percentile), 11.1 + 1.4 × BSA; left kidney area (5th percentile), 32.5 + 9.6 × BSA; left kidney area (95th percentile), 12.6 + 31.7 × BSA; right kidney area (5th percentile), 16.1 + 18.5 × BSA; right kidney area (95th percentile), 32.6 + 22.2 × BSA. Conclusions Regression equations have been developed, which define the upper and lower limits of renal size from 99mTc-MAG3 images and may assist in the detection of unsuspected bilateral increases or decreases in renal size.

Radionuclides in Nephrourology, Part 1: Radiopharmaceuticals, Quality Control, and Quantitative Indices

“…Renal size (length in cm and area in cm 2 ) can be determined from the pixel length and area of the whole-kidney ROI. Regression equations to define the upper and lower limits of renal size normalized for body surface area have recently been developed for adults (47). Routine measurement of renal size at the time of the 99m Tc-MAG3 scan may assist in the detection of unsuspected bilateral increases or decreases in renal size and facilitate scan interpretation.…”

SNMMI Procedure Standard/EANM Practice Guideline for Diuretic Renal Scintigraphy in Adults With Suspected Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction 1.0

“…The mean left and right kidney length (±SD) is 12.2 ± 1.0 cm and 12.1 ± 1.0 cm, respectively, in men and 11.9 ± 0.9 and 11.8 ± 0.9, respectively, in women; the upper and lower limits of renal length and area normalized to body surface area have been previously published. 60 …”

Combined PET/MR: The Real Work Has Just Started. Summary Report of the Third International Workshop on PET/MR Imaging; February 17–21, 2014, Tübingen, Germany

“…Neurology, neuro-oncology and neuroscience are thought to be potential key applications for PET/MRI in clinical practice and for research, since both modalities provide complementary morphological, functional, (patho)-physiological and molecular information regarding the human brain [ 42 ]. The main advantage of integrated PET/MRI systems for neurology applications is seen in the simultaneity of data acquisition, which allows both temporal and spatial cross-correlation and potential cross-validation of PET and MR measurements [ 43 – 45 ]. Simultaneous PET/MRI may provide a better understanding of functional (BOLD- f MRI), haemodynamic (arterial spin labelling (ASL), proton-weighted imaging (PWI), [ 15 O]H 2 O PET) and metabolic (dynamic PET with different radiotracers, MR spectroscopy) interaction during brain activation as well as in various neurological disorders [ 46 ].…”