Reference values of inspiratory spirometry for Finnish adults

Abstract

Inspiratory spirometry is used in evaluation of upper airway disorders e.g. fixed or variable obstruction. There are, however, very few published data on normal values for inspiratory spirometry. The main aim of this study was to produce reference values for inspiratory spirometry for healthy Finnish adults. Inspiratory spirometry was preplanned to a sample of the Finnish spirometry reference values sample. Data was successfully retrieved from 368 healthy nonsmoking adults (132 males) between 19 and 83 years of age. Reference equations were produced for forced inspiratory vital capacity (FIVC), forced inspiratory volume in one second (FIV1), FIV1/FIVC, peak inspiratory flow (PIF) and the ratios of FIV1/forced expiratory volume in one second and PIF/peak expiratory flow. The present values were compared to PIF values from previously used Finnish study of Viljanen et al. (1982) reference values and Norwegian values for FIV1, FIVC and FIV1/FIVC presented by Gulsvik et al. (2001). The predicted values from the Gulsvik et al. (2001), provided a good fit for FIVC, but smaller values for FIV1 with mean 108.3 and 109.1% of predicted values for males and females, respectively. PIF values were 87.4 and 91.2% of Viljanen et al. (1982) predicted values in males and females, respectively. Differences in measurement methods and selection of results may contribute to the observed differences. Inspiratory spirometry is technically more demanding and needs repeatability criteria to improve validity. New reference values are suggested to clinical use in Finland when assessing inspiratory spirometry. Utility of inspiratory to expiratory values indices in assessment of airway collapse need further study.

Applicability of the Global Lung Initiative 2012 Reference Values for Spirometry for Longitudinal Data of Elderly Women

“…However, for FEV 1 /FVC the ECSC reference values fitted well with our HNSW. This is in line with Kainu et al (2015) who observed the same in their analysis of Finish adults (n = 1000, age: 18–83) [ 30 ].…”

Age Dependency of GLI Reference Values Compared with Paediatric Lung Function Data in Two German Studies (GINIplus and LUNOKID)

“…[ 12 ] evaluated the GLI values for a Swedish reference population (N = 501, age: 22–91) and found that mean GLI based z-scores for lung volume systematically increased with age, with the effect magnified for men versus women. The same trend was found for a population of Finish adults (n = 1000, age: 18–83) [ 13 ]. Again the z-scores for volume increased with age, reaching values of approximately 0.8 in men older than 70 years of age.…”

“…Global comparisons may however be misleading; a small global absolute mean of GLI based z-scores across ages does not necessarily preclude higher deviations for certain age groups. Systematic deviations from the proposed age relationship in GLI reference equations have already been investigated for adults, with two Scandinavian [ 12 , 13 ], and one Japanese report [ 14 ]. Thus far, only one study has investigated systematic z-score trends over age, for children and adolescents.…”

Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 reference equations for spirometry in the Norwegian population

“…For Caucasians, the values were based on 57 395 individuals [2]. The fit of these reference values has been tested in some populations, and reported results have been conflicting [13][14][15][16][17]. BEN SAAD et al [14] reported that GLI-2012 overestimated forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in a North-African adult population, possibly because of contribution of sub-Saharan ancestry of Berbers, while recent studies found that GLI-2012 underestimates both FEV1and FVC in adults in Finland and Sweden [13,17].…”

“…The fit of these reference values has been tested in some populations, and reported results have been conflicting [13][14][15][16][17]. BEN SAAD et al [14] reported that GLI-2012 overestimated forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in a North-African adult population, possibly because of contribution of sub-Saharan ancestry of Berbers, while recent studies found that GLI-2012 underestimates both FEV1and FVC in adults in Finland and Sweden [13,17]. Few studies have evaluated the fit of GLI-2012 over a large age span; a large study including Australasian Caucasians aged 4-80 years reported the differences to be less than the within test variation accepted in spirometry testing [16].…”