Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 reference equations for spirometry in the Norwegian population

BackgroundThe validation of the multi-ethnic GLI-2012 spirometric norms has been debated in several countries. However, its applicability in Algeria has not been verified.AimTo ascertain how well the GLI-2012 norms fit contemporary adult Algerian spirometric data.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of 300 healthy non-smoker adults (50% men, age range: 18–85 years) recruited from the Algiers region general population. All participants underwent a clinical examination and a plethysmography measurement. Z-scores for some spirometric data [FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC (FEF25-75%)] were calculated. If the average Z-score deviated by “< ± 0.5” from the overall mean, the GLI-2012 norms would be considered as reflective of contemporary Algerian spirometry.ResultsThe means±SDs of age, height, weight, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75% of the participants were, respectively, 48±17 years, 1.65±0.10 m, 73±14 kg, 4.04±1.04 L, 3.18±0.82 L, 0.79±0.05 and 4.09±1.09 L/s. Almost the quarter of participants were obese. The total sample means±SDs Z-scores were 0.22±0.87 for FVC, 0.04±0.88 for FEV1, -0.34±0.67 for FEV1/FVC and 0.93±0.79 for FEF25-75%. For men and women, only the means±SDs of the FEF25-75% Z-scores exceeded the threshold of “± 0.5”, respectively, 1.13±0.77 and 0.73±0.76.ConclusionResults of the present study, performed in an Algerian population of healthy non-smoking adults, supported the applicability of the GLI-2012 norms to interpret FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC but not the FEF25-75%.

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“…Table 4 presents the main characteristics and results of some studies reporting Z-scores data [14–20] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, some authors opted for their use to interpret spirometry, for example in the Australasian [16] , Norwegian [20] , German [18] and French [17] populations. On the other hand, the GLI-2012 norms seem unsuitable for clinical use in the Swedish [14] , Finnish [19] and Brazilian [22] populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multi‐ethnic global lung initiative 2012 (GLI-2012) norms reflect contemporary adult's Algerian spirometry

et al. 2018

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“…LANGHAMMER et al [4] used data from 11 496 Norwegian subjects across an age range of 12-90 years who were healthy never-smokers without symptoms. They found that the median z-scores for FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC were essentially zero in those aged <20 years, with female adults tending to have very slightly better FEV1 and FVC and lower FEV1/FVC than the values predicted by GLI-2012 (median z-scores 0.15, 0.25 and −0.17, respectively).…”

Section: @Erspublicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: @Erspublicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The European Respiratory Society has sponsored the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) in obtaining coherent reference equations for spirometry appropriate for all ages [2] and advocates these being the standard applied for spirometry within Europe. In this issue of the European Respiratory Journal (ERJ), two groups of European researchers have looked at their local populations to see if the GLI-2012 equations were a satisfactory fit and so can be safely used for clinical decision making [3,4]. HULO et al [3] looked at the data of 1971 people aged 40-65 years from an urban population who were symptom free and were part of a study of 3276 subjects who were sampled to determine the prevalence of airflow obstruction in the general population.…”

Section: @Erspublicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Choosing and using lung function prediction equations

Miller

2016

Eur Respir J

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@ERSpublicationsThe GLI-2012 reference equations give the best fit for patients undergoing spirometry lung function testing http://ow.ly/NikG304sh0nIn a survey of lung function laboratories some years ago, a surprisingly large number of laboratories were found not to know exactly which equations were being used to help them make judgements about their patients' results [1]. Many manufacturers' equipment includes a choice of reference values and the default selection may end up being used without further or due consideration. When choosing which equations to use, laboratory directors and clinicians may worry that their patients might be assessed against an inappropriate standard, thus introducing potential errors in their decision making. The European Respiratory Society has sponsored the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) in obtaining coherent reference equations for spirometry appropriate for all ages [2] and advocates these being the standard applied for spirometry within Europe. In this issue of the European Respiratory Journal (ERJ), two groups of European researchers have looked at their local populations to see if the GLI-2012 equations were a satisfactory fit and so can be safely used for clinical decision making [3,4]. HULO et al. [3] looked at the data of 1971 people aged 40-65 years from an urban population who were symptom free and were part of a study of 3276 subjects who were sampled to determine the prevalence of airflow obstruction in the general population. The mean±SD z-scores for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) by GLI-2012 were close to 0.0±1.0, as expected, and were better than the scores found when using the European Community for Steel and Coal (ECSC) equations [5]. Their subjects' FEV1/FVC results were slightly low relative to GLI-2012, with mean z-scores of −0.32 and −0.40 for men and women, respectively, but they were not able to account for smoking in their population, which may have influenced this. They also looked at how the two equations fared at identifying abnormalities in another 1072 subjects with respiratory disease and concluded that the GLI-2012 equations were better than the ECSC equations in this respect. LANGHAMMER et al.[4] used data from 11 496 Norwegian subjects across an age range of 12-90 years who were healthy never-smokers without symptoms. They found that the median z-scores for FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC were essentially zero in those aged <20 years, with female adults tending to have very slightly better FEV1 and FVC and lower FEV1/FVC than the values predicted by GLI-2012 (median z-scores 0.15, 0.25 and −0.17, respectively). They concluded that GLI-2012 was a better fit for their data than either the ECSC or an alternative Norwegian prediction equation, and recommended GLI-2012 for Norwegian subjects. They also applied GLI-2012 to a larger population including symptomatic subjects (n=50 580) and concluded that GLI-2012 was better than FEV1/FVC <0.7 at identifying clinically relevant airflow obstruction.Both these studies fo...

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