Referential Process Post-session Scale--Therapist Version

Language and Intelligence: A Relationship Supporting the Embodied Cognition Hypothesis

“…Within the multiple code theory perspective, Bucci and colleagues ( Bucci 2021a ; Bucci and Maskit 2006 ; Bucci et al 2004 ; Maskit 2021 ; Zhou et al 2021 ) have developed and validated several dictionaries that are computerized linguistic measures of different aspects of the referential process, detectable trough the language characteristics of conversations, whether they arise in psychotherapy sessions or in other interpersonal contexts. For the purposes of this study, we applied five dictionaries among those developed and validated for the Italian language ( Bonfanti et al 2008 ; Di Trani et al 2018 ; Mariani et al 2013 ; Negri and Ongis 2021 ; Negri et al 2018 , 2020 ): Italian Weighted Referential Activity Dictionary (IWRAD). IWRAD contains a list of 9596 frequently used Italian words, each assigned a weight between 0 (low) and 1 (high), with 0.5 as the neutral value.…”

“…One of the innovative ways to investigate the embodiment of human mentation is proposed by Bucci and colleagues ( Bucci 1984 , 1997 , 2021a , 2021b , 2021c ; Bucci et al 2016 ; Christian et al 2021 ; Mariani et al 2013 ; Negri and Ongis 2021 ; Negri et al 2019 , 2020 ) and consists of analyzing the content and stylistic characteristics of spoken language. Indeed, the words we choose when we speak and the way we use them reflect both the degree of internal connection between the abstract symbolic levels and the more concrete, embodied levels of our subjective experience, and the degree of interpersonal connection with others, since the quality of the words we use allows us to convey and make others live our experience in a more or less effective way.…”

“…With respect to referential competence, over the past forty years the international research group on referential process, led by Wilma Bucci, has developed several manual, self-report, and computerized instruments to measure this construct in various language ( Bucci 2021b ; Mariani et al 2013 ; Maskit 2021 ; Maskit and Murphy 2011 ; Maskit et al 2012 ; Negri et al 2019 , 2020 ; see also the method section). In particular, several computerized linguistic measures have been developed to detect the referential competence in various domains and by various linguistic aspects.…”

Comunicazione emotiva e processi di cambiamento. Comprendere la psicoterapia attraverso la teoria del codice multiplo

“…Dall'altro lato, il ricercatore può esplorare i trascritti, o i resoconti dei clinici, o delle conversazioni tra soggetti, e analizzarli attraverso l'applicazione delle misure linguistiche computerizzate per comprendere e misurare i processi di cambiamento nella relazione terapeutica o nei differenti contesti o condizioni di sofferenza. Entrambi, ricercatori e clinici, dunque possono collaborare per trarre vantaggio da questi preziosi strumenti validati di analisi linguistica che il lungo lavoro dell'Autrice e del suo gruppo di ricerca ci ha fornito anche per la lingua italiana (Christian et al, 2021;Di Trani et al, 2018;Mariani & Hoffman, 2021;Mariani et al, 2013Mariani et al, , 2020aMariani et al, , 2020bNegri & Ongis, 2021;Negri et al, 2018Negri et al, , 2019Negri et al, , 2020aNegri et al, , 2020bRenzi et al, 2020). La disponibilità di queste misure è un'ulteriore punto di forza del modello proposto da Wilma Bucci in quanto prevede la possibilità di una verifica e un riscontro empirico di quanto previsto a livello teorico, contribuendo a trasformare l'arte della psicoterapia in una scienza.…”