Refinement of Strut-and-Tie Model for Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams

Panjehpour, Mohammad; Chai, Hwa Kian; Voo, Yen Lei

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130734

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This occurs if the concentrated load acts closer than about 2D to the support, or for uniformly loaded beams with a span-to-height ratio (ln/d) of less than 4 to 5." (Panjehpour, et al 2015). Since 2002, high beam design according to the requirements of ACI 318 Building Code is based on nonlinear analysis or using the strut-and-tie method (STM).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Figure 1.3 the complex stress field of a concrete structure is represented as an equivalent frame, with elements in compression (struts), elements in tension (ties), and truss connections called nodal zones (or nodes). The strength of the struts and nodal zones controls the dimensions of the concrete structural components, while the tensile force determines the amount of reinforcement required to support the load (Panjehpour, et al 2015). The main assumptions in the strut-and-tie model are: balance must be met, the center of gravity of each component and the line of action of the applied load must coincide at the joint, and failure occurs when the strut or node is destroyed or when the tie reaches its yield capacity, thus forming a mechanism.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavior of Modified Strut-and-Tie Model (STM) on Concrete Beams

Sugianto,

Antonius,

Taufik

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Reinforced concrete components are generally designed to withhold shear and bending based on the assumption at strain varies linearly in a section where the applied force is a combination of shear with bending, torsion, or normal forces. The behavior of shear failure in reinforced concrete beams is very different from that in flexural failure. Shear failure is brittle without warning in the form of significant deflection, resulting in diagonal cracks in the beam then the shear force mechanism will be contributed by an arching action where this action can provide a reserve capacity large enough for the beam to carry the load. Nonlinear analysis using the strut-and-tie method is particularly useful for shear-critical structures where classical beam theory is not valid due to significant shear deformations. Strut-and-Tie Model research which is applied to concrete (25 MPa), also uses the optimal configuration FEM software tool from Strut-and-Tie which leads to the efficiency of Strut-and-Tie. The results of the optimization and modification of the Strut-and-Tie Model on concrete will also be applied to the experimental models tested until they fail so that the optimal conditions for numerical models will be obtained. Based on the analysis result of element model using ANSYS computational assistance program, the ultimate flexural capacity of the beam model will increase depending on the used STM model and inclination angle (Φ), at the STM type 2 high < 1000 mm, inclination angle (Φ) 45° having a decrease in ultimate shear capacity (Vu) of 49,31% against type 1, at the STM model 3 high < 1000 mm, with inclination angle (Φ) 45° having an increase ultimate shear (Vu) of 4,14% against type 1. Stress pattern performed bottle shape in line with diagonal strut. Ductility capacity will be decreased at inclination angle <45° of 27,11%, at inclination angle >45° will be decreased of 55,67%,

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of Modified Strut-and-Tie Model (STM) on Concrete Beams

Sugianto,

Antonius,

Taufik

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…In the recent past, different analytical models were proposed to evaluate the efficiency of the bottle-shaped strut [9,[11][12][13][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Some experimental and analytical research studies have also been carried out to investigate the behaviour of the bottle-shaped struts by testing RC concrete panels by loading them in the plane of the panels and suggesting analytical models to determine the efficiency of struts to evaluate the ultimate strength of compression struts [23,[28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength prediction of a bottle-shaped strut for evaluating the shear capacity of reinforced concrete deep beam

Kumar

Jangid

2023

Eng. Res. Express

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For the analysis and design of reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams, the strut-and-tie model is typically employed to simulate the flow of stresses. A bottle-shaped strut develops between the loading point and support, in which compressive stress spreads laterally and induces tensile strain in the transverse direction, which reduces the compressive strength of the strut significantly. Web reinforcements are provided in deep RC beams to prevent splitting of the diagonal strut due to the presence of these transverse strains. In this article, a simplified design procedure based on the strut-and-tie model (STM) is proposed for the evaluation of the shear capacity of deep beams with web reinforcement. The suggested model is based on modified compression field theory and considers the impact of shear reinforcement ratio, transverse tensile strain, post-cracking strength of concrete, and the actual dispersion of compressive stress based on strut geometry (aspect ratio) for strength prediction of bottle-shaped struts. The experimental results of RC panels and deep RC beams reported in the literature are used to validate the results of the suggested model. The findings demonstrate that the proposed STM evaluates the shear capacity of deep RC beams more precisely than capacities estimated by ACI 318-19, AASHTO LRDF, and Eurocode 2 (EC2). In addition, a comprehensive parametric study has been carried out to investigate the effect of various design parameters on the shear capacity of deep RC beams.

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“…Rossi and Recupero [ 17 , 18 ] established analytical formulations for the truss action and arch action, respectively, and calculated the ultimate shear strength of RC members under combined axial forces, bending moments, and shear forces. Panjehpour, Chai, and Voo [ 19 ] improved the strut-and-tie model (STM) for deep RC beams using experiments and the finite element method. Different STMs may be established for RC members, and establishing a good STM relies on the experience of calculators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unified approach for determining the ultimate strength of RC members subjected to combined axial force, bending, shear and torsion

Huang

2017

PLoS ONE

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This paper uses experimental investigation and theoretical derivation to study the unified failure mechanism and ultimate capacity model of reinforced concrete (RC) members under combined axial, bending, shear and torsion loading. Fifteen RC members are tested under different combinations of compressive axial force, bending, shear and torsion using experimental equipment designed by the authors. The failure mechanism and ultimate strength data for the four groups of tested RC members under different combined loading conditions are investigated and discussed in detail. The experimental research seeks to determine how the ultimate strength of RC members changes with changing combined loads. According to the experimental research, a unified theoretical model is established by determining the shape of the warped failure surface, assuming an appropriate stress distribution on the failure surface, and considering the equilibrium conditions. This unified failure model can be reasonably and systematically changed into well-known failure theories of concrete members under single or combined loading. The unified calculation model could be easily used in design applications with some assumptions and simplifications. Finally, the accuracy of this theoretical unified model is verified by comparisons with experimental results.

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Refinement of Strut-and-Tie Model for Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Behavior of Modified Strut-and-Tie Model (STM) on Concrete Beams

Behavior of Modified Strut-and-Tie Model (STM) on Concrete Beams

Strength prediction of a bottle-shaped strut for evaluating the shear capacity of reinforced concrete deep beam

A unified approach for determining the ultimate strength of RC members subjected to combined axial force, bending, shear and torsion

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