Refining hand washing interventions by identifying active ingredients: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Zimbabwe

Inauen, Jennifer; Lilje, Jonathan; Mosler, Hans‐Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112712

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…During that first modest increase (2010 – 2017), 12 studies were published [39, 41, 46, 49, 56, 59-61, 63-65, 67]. The exponential increase is most noticeable in 2018 resulting in 7 eligible studies [42, 43, 48, 50, 55, 57, 58], while in 2019, there were 9 included studies [38, 44, 45, 52, 54, 62, 66, 69, 70], and finally up until 6 th September 2020 we identified 5 additional studies [40, 47, 51, 53, 68].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study was conducted in both Bangladesh and Kenya [60]. The other half of the included studies were conducted in Africa (15 records): four studies in Kenya [52, 55, 66, 70], followed by two in Zimbabwe [53, 56], Nigeria [40], South-Africa [42], Malawi [45], Ethiopia [46], Chad [58], Burundi [61], Zambia [62], Mali [64], Egypt [65], and Uganda [67]. Finally, only one study was identified which took place on the South-American continent: Peru [43].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Half of the studies were conducted in a rural setting (16 records [39-41, 44-49, 52, 53, 55, 58, 61, 64, 68]). Eight studies took place in an urban/peri-urban setting, of which 6 studies specified a low-income/slum context [38, 42, 59, 60, 63, 67], the remaining 2 did not specify the context of the setting [43, 56].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The participants included only mothers or caregivers of children under the age of 5 (5 records [38, 46, 47, 49, 58]), both caregivers and children (2 records [57, 63]), and only including children (8 records [42, 50, 51, 54, 62, 66, 69, 70]). Several studies targeted an entire household (8 records [39-41, 43, 47, 48, 60, 68]) or the entire community (7 records [44, 53, 55, 56, 59, 61, 64]), whilst a fewer records specified targeting the school community [65], young women [52], or users of a certain facility with specified traits such as shared compound toilets [67].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies targeted specific behaviors rather than diseases and merely described possible health effects of these behaviors, mostly a decrease of infectious pathogens causing a host of illnesses (e.g., diarrhea, pneumonia). Half of the studies targeted handwashing with soap (HWWS) or simply handwashing (17 records [38-42, 46, 50, 51, 53, 54, 57, 59, 62, 63, 65, 69, 70]). Seven studies targeted defecation behaviors such as latrine usage, building or cleaning, and safe disposal of child feces [44, 47, 48, 61, 64, 67, 68], 4 studies focused on water disinfection through chlorination or solar disinfection [52, 56, 58, 60], 2 studies targeted a mix of food hygiene behaviors [45, 49], one study each targeted drug intake for deworming [55], face washing [66], and engaging the population to participate in an indoor residual spraying (IRS) campaign [43].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nudge strategies for behavior-based prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases: a scoping review and ethical assessment

Velde

Overgaard

Bastien

2020

Preprint

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BackgroundNudging, a strategy that uses subtle stimuli to direct people’s behavior, has recently been included as effective and low-cost behavior change strategy in low- and middle- income countries (LMIC), targeting behavior-based prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Therefore, the present scoping review aims to provide a timely overview of how nudge interventions have been applied within health promotion research, with a specific focus on the prevention and control of NTDs. In addition, the review proposes a framework for the ethical reflection of nudges for behavior-based prevention and control of NTDs, or more broadly global health promotion.MethodsA comprehensive search was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, ERIC and Econ.Lit (EBSCO), as well as registered trials and reviews in CENTRAL and PROSPERO to identify ongoing or unpublished studies. Additionally, studies were included through a handpicked search on websites of governmental nudge units and global health or development organizations. A PRISMA flow diagram was used to elaborate on the number of articles retrieved, retained, excluded and reasons for every action.ResultsThis scoping review of studies implementing nudge strategies for behavior-based prevention and control of NTDs identified 33 studies and a total of 67 nudge-type interventions. Most nudges targeted handwashing behavior and were focused on general health practices rather than targeting a disease in specific. The most common nudge techniques were those targeting decision assistance, such as facilitating commitment and reminder actions. The ethical assessment presented favorable results, certainly regarding the health benefits of the included nudges and the trust relationship for the implementers.ConclusionTwo key recommendations that should inform future research when implementing nudge strategies in global health promotion in general. Firstly, aim for the application of robust study designs including rigorous process and impact evaluation which allow for a better understanding of ‘what works’ and ‘how it works’. Secondly, consider the ethical implications of implementing nudge strategies, specifically in LMIC.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Nudge strategies for behavior-based prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases: a scoping review and ethical assessment

Velde

Overgaard

Bastien

2020

Preprint

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Associations of diarrhea episodes and seeking medical treatment among children under five years: Insights from the Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey (2015–2016)

Musuka¹,

Dzinamarira

Murewanhema

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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Diarrhea is a significant pediatric public health concern globally and places a significant burden on healthcare systems. In resource-limited settings, the problems of diarrhea could be worse than reported. Continuously monitoring and understanding the changing epidemiology of diarrhea, including risk factors, remain an important aspect necessary to design effective public health interventions to reduce the incidence, outcomes and strain on healthcare resources caused by diarrheal illness. We, therefore, undertook this study to understand the factors associated with diarrhea as well as describe determinants for seeking medical treatment in children underfive in Zimbabwe using the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey 2015-2016 Data. Children with recent diarrhea were on average younger (mean age 22 months), compared to those who did not have an episode of diarrhea (mean age 30 months) p = .001. Incidence of recent diarrhea was lower among female children compared to their male counterparts (16% vs. 19%), p = .013. Incidence of diarrhea decreased with increasing maternal education level and so was the same for increasing wealth quintile. Those with unimproved sources of drinking water had a higher incidence of diarrhea. The wealth quintile remained the only factor associated with seeking medical attention for a recent diarrhea episode among children less than 6 years, with those in the highest wealth quintile being 2.49 times likely to do so, p = .031.The results are useful in informing pediatric public health policies and strategies for them to be successful in significantly reducing the incidence, morbidity, mortality and significant healthcare costs and burden to society associated with caring for children with diarrheal illnesses.

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Rapid-killing efficacy substantiates the antiseptic property of the synergistic combination of carvacrol and nerol against nosocomial pathogens

et al. 2022

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Refining hand washing interventions by identifying active ingredients: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Zimbabwe

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Nudge strategies for behavior-based prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases: a scoping review and ethical assessment

Nudge strategies for behavior-based prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases: a scoping review and ethical assessment

Associations of diarrhea episodes and seeking medical treatment among children under five years: Insights from the Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey (2015–2016)

Rapid-killing efficacy substantiates the antiseptic property of the synergistic combination of carvacrol and nerol against nosocomial pathogens

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