Reflected-light, photoluminescence and OBIC imaging of solar cells using a confocal scanning laser MACROscope/microscope

Ribes, A. C.; Damaskinos, Savvas; Tiedje, H.F.; Dixon, A. E.; Brodie, Douglas

doi:10.1016/s0927-0248(95)00156-5

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Early instruments measured the current as a laser beam was translated across a fixed sample with a technique based on the use of rotating mirrors and a unitary telescope. [1][2][3] Samples could be examined rapidly with laser spots ranging in size from 2 to 25 µm, but the scan sizes were limited to ∼10 cm × 10 cm due to the size of the telescope's lens, and the resolution was limited to 512 × 512 data points by the electronics that were available. Advances in the development of precision linear motion stages in the late 1980s and early 1990s permitted an approach where the laser beam was fixed, while the sample was translated in two orthogonal dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High speed, intermediate resolution, large area laser beam induced current imaging and laser scribing system for photovoltaic devices and modules

Phillips

Song

DeWitt

et al. 2016

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We have developed a laser beam induced current imaging tool for photovoltaic devices and modules that utilizes diode pumped Q-switched lasers. Power densities on the order of one sun (100 mW/cm) can be produced in a ∼40 μm spot size by operating the lasers at low diode current and high repetition rate. Using galvanostatically controlled mirrors in an overhead configuration and high speed data acquisition, large areas can be scanned in short times. As the beam is rastered, focus is maintained on a flat plane with an electronically controlled lens that is positioned in a coordinated fashion with the movements of the mirrors. The system can also be used in a scribing mode by increasing the diode current and decreasing the repetition rate. In either mode, the instrument can accommodate samples ranging in size from laboratory scale (few cm) to full modules (1 m). Customized LabVIEW programs were developed to control the components and acquire, display, and manipulate the data in imaging mode.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High speed, intermediate resolution, large area laser beam induced current imaging and laser scribing system for photovoltaic devices and modules

Phillips

Song

DeWitt

et al. 2016

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…The latter is a further optimized micro LBIC (see e.g. [9][10][11][12] which is able to detect local recombination sites similar to EBIC but with better signal to noise ratio and less hardware requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency-Limiting Recombination in Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

Schubert

Schön

Abdollahinia

et al. 2013

SSP

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This work presents recent advances in the characterisation of carrier recombination and impurities at Fraunhofer ISE. The role of iron contamination during crystallisation is analysed in more detail. Numerical simulations and comparisons to experimental data are presented which demonstrate the impact of iron from the crucible and crucible coating and show the in-diffusion of iron into the silicon melt as well as into the solid silicon during crystal cooling. Measurements of spatially resolved carrier lifetime and interstitial iron concentration on wafers after phosphorus diffusion gettering are used as input for cell efficiency modelling which reveals the specific and quantitative role of iron on cell parameters in multicrystalline silicon. A new photoluminescence based method is presented which quantitatively determines the interstitial iron concentration in finished solar cells. We finally present advances in defect characterisation with sub-micrometre resolution: We show recent progress in micro photoluminescence spectroscopy for the quantitative measurement of interstitial chromium with high spatial resolution. A further development of this setup will be discussed: By combining the principle of Light Beam Induced Current (LBIC) or voltage (LBIV) and the highly localized illumination, images of carrier recombination at local defects are presented which feature a, compared to EBIC, higher signal-to-noise ratio.

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“…The CSLM was initially designed for quality control reflection and optical beam induced current imaging ͑OBIC͒ of solar cells and porous silicon. 5,6 Subsequent modifications included design of a chromatically corrected objective lens for fluorescence imaging and further adaptation into a cDNA reader. 7 In this initial feasibility study, we have used the CSLM to image triple-labeled sections from a cervical carcinoma xenograft, ME180, and obtain spatially coregistered images of blood vessels, tissue hypoxia, and the expression of HIF-1␣.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of whole tumor cut sections using a novel scanning beam confocal fluorescence MACROscope®

et al. 2001

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Hypoxia caused by inadequate structure and function of the tumor vasculature has been found to negatively determine the prognosis of cancer patients. Hence, understanding the biological basis of tumor hypoxia is of significant clinical interest. To study solid tumor microenvironments in sufficient detail, large areas (several mm in diameter) need to be imaged at microm resolutions. We have used a novel confocal scanning laser MACROscope (CSLM) capable of acquiring images over fields of view up to 2cm x 2cm. To demonstrate its performance, frozen sections from a cervical carcinoma xenograft were triple labeled for tissue hypoxia, blood vessels and hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha), imaged using the CSLM and compared to images obtained using a standard epifluorescence microscope imaging system. The results indicate that the CSLM is a useful instrument for imaging tissue-based fluorescence at resolutions comparable to standard low-power microscope objectives.

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Reflected-light, photoluminescence and OBIC imaging of solar cells using a confocal scanning laser MACROscope/microscope

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

High speed, intermediate resolution, large area laser beam induced current imaging and laser scribing system for photovoltaic devices and modules

High speed, intermediate resolution, large area laser beam induced current imaging and laser scribing system for photovoltaic devices and modules

Efficiency-Limiting Recombination in Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

Imaging of whole tumor cut sections using a novel scanning beam confocal fluorescence MACROscope®

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