Reflection of typhoon morakot — the challenge of compound disaster simulation

Chen, Yu Shiu; Kuo, Yao‐Lung; Wei, Lai; Tsai, Yi Yu; Lee, Shin Ping; Chen, Kun-Ting; Shieh, Ce-Kuen

doi:10.1007/s11629-011-2132-5

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A single-type disaster develops into a compound disaster under extreme continuous rainfall conditions. Compound disasters with a concentrated distribution in central and southern areas of Taiwan included landslides, debris flows, and floods [15][16][17]. A number of tributary debris flow events during Typhoon Morakot were found to have blocked the main stream and formed a landslide dam.…”

Section: Data Selection Of Tributary Debris Flow Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensionless Assessment Method of Landslide Dam Formation Caused by Tributary Debris Flow Events

Chen

et al. 2019

Geofluids

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In this study, we develop a dimensionless assessment method to evaluate landslide dam formation by considering the relationship between the run-out distance of a tributary debris flow and the width of the main stream, deposition thickness of the tributary debris flow, and the water depth of the main stream. Based on the theory of debris flow run-out distance and fan formation, landslide dam formation may result from a tributary debris flow as a result of two concurrent formation processes: (1) the runout distance of the tributary debris flow must be greater than the width of the main stream, and (2) the minimum deposition thickness of the tributary debris flow must be higher than the in situ water depth of the main stream. At the confluence, one of four types of depositional scenarios may result: (1) the tributary debris flow enters into the main stream and forms a landslide dam; (2) the tributary debris flow enters into the main stream but overflow occurs, thus preventing complete blockage of the main stream; (3) the tributary debris flow enters into the main stream, does not reach the far bank, and sediment remains partially above the water elevation of the main stream; or (4) the tributary debris flow enters into the main stream, does not reach the far bank, and sediment is fully submerged in the main stream. This method was applied to the analysis of 11 tributary debris flow events during Typhoon Morakot, and the results indicate that the dimensionless assessment method can be used to estimate potential areas of landslide dam formation caused by tributary debris flows. Based on this method, government authorities can determine potential areas of landslide dam formation caused by debris flows and mitigate possible disasters accordingly through a properly prepared response plan, especially for early identification.

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Section: Data Selection Of Tributary Debris Flow Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensionless Assessment Method of Landslide Dam Formation Caused by Tributary Debris Flow Events

Chen

et al. 2019

Geofluids

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“…Small-scale geo-hazards, such as floods, debris flows, shallow landslides, and landslide lakes, are able to be attributed to and converged into a large-scale single disaster event (Chen et al 2011b). The disaster that occurred in Mocoa could be seen as a consequence of compounded mountain hazards, including landslides, floods, and debris flows (Fig.…”

Section: Mountain Hazard Chains and Compound Mountain Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The characteristics of the Mocoa compound disaster event, Colombia

Cheng

Cui

et al. 2018

Landslides

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A rainfall-induced compound disaster happened in Mocoa in the pre-dawn hours of 1 April 2017. More than 300 people were killed, and a large number of houses and roads were destroyed in the worst catastrophe in the history of Mocoa. To investigate this disaster, a detailed interpretation was carried out using high-resolution images. Analysis of disaster characteristics based on satellite image revealed that the disaster could be identified as a consequence of compound mountain hazards including landslides, debris flows, and mountain torrents. The mountain hazards converged in the mountain watershed, which amplified the disaster's effects. Analysis considers that this disaster is the result of heavy rainfalls. Moreover, in-depth interpretation of rainfall data and satellite images spanning over 16 years reveals that the previous El Niño event (2014-2016) also played an important role, which caused reduced rainfall and vegetation coverage. The long period of drought brought by El Niño affected the growth of vegetation and reduced the ability of vegetation to cope with heavy rainfalls. The results reveal that both antecedent rainfalls and climate impact need to be taken into consideration for mountain hazard analysis.

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“…In Taiwan, because of increasing intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall events, the compound disasters can combine smallscale floods, debris flows, shallow landslides, deep-seated landslides, and landslide lakes into a large-scale single disaster event. Chen et al (2011) indicate that when there is a small accumulation of rainfall during a high-intensity rainfall event, shallow landslides, debirs flows, and floods can occur. On the contrary, if there is a large accumulation of rainfall Fig.…”

Section: Rainfall Threshold Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Sinotech Engineering Consultants, Inc (2010) suggests that rainfall duration for deep-seated landslides can adopt 72-h to estimate the critical rainfall threshold. In this study, the hyetograph representing the tested rainfall conditions was designed and assessed using a 72-h duration (Sinotech Engineering Consultants, Inc 2010;Chen et al 2011) and ranking method (Water Resources…”

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confidence: 99%

Local rainfall thresholds for forecasting landslide occurrence: Taipingshan landslide triggered by Typhoon Saola

2016

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This paper presents a case study of the Taipingshan landslide, which was triggered by Typhoon Saola in 2012. Taipingshan villa is one of the most famous scenic locations within the Taipingshan National Forest Recreation Area in northern Taiwan. Since the early 1990s, evidence of recent landslide activity appeared throughout the Taipingshan villa and included features such as tension cracks, ground settlement, and cracking in manmade structures. In response, a series of geological investigations and in-site/laboratory tests were conducted in 2010 to estimate slope stability and predict critical rainfall thresholds (event accumulated rainfall) for landslide activity. Results revealed that the critical rainfall threshold for the Taipingshan National Forest Recreation Area is 1765 mm. In 2012, that threshold was tested when Typhoon Saola brought tremendous rainfall to northern and eastern Taiwan and triggered activity along the main scarp of sliding mass B located near the History Exhibition Hall. According to in situ extensometer readings and on-site precipitation data, the extensometer was severed at an accumulated rainfall 1694 mm. Field monitoring data during the typhoon event are in good agreement with the rainfall threshold. These preliminary results suggest that the threshold may be useful for assessing the rainfall threshold of other landslides and a good reference for establishing early warning systems for landslides.

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Reflection of typhoon morakot — the challenge of compound disaster simulation

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Dimensionless Assessment Method of Landslide Dam Formation Caused by Tributary Debris Flow Events

Dimensionless Assessment Method of Landslide Dam Formation Caused by Tributary Debris Flow Events

The characteristics of the Mocoa compound disaster event, Colombia

Local rainfall thresholds for forecasting landslide occurrence: Taipingshan landslide triggered by Typhoon Saola

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