Reflections on the murky legal practices of political micro-targeting from a GDPR perspective

Casagran, Cristina Blasi; Vermeulen, Mathias

doi:10.1093/idpl/ipab018

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Second, it remains debatable whether the proposed regulation will be able to curtain micro-targeting because it still allows political profiling and targeting based on the consent of citizens. As has been frequently argued, people neither understand to what they are consenting to nor are sufficiently aware that they are being profiled after their consents have been given (Brkan, 2023;Casagran & Vermeulen, 2021;Ruohonen, 2023;Ruohonen & Mickelsson, 2023). It can be argued that it is specifically those people who do not understand the situation with their consents who are also the most prone to be influenced by micro-targeting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also Articles 24, 25, 28, 32, and 35 must be taken into account (EDPB, 2021, p. 31). Of these, Article 25 is typically violated by platforms engaging in micro-targeting; they do not obey the principle of data protection by design and by default (Casagran & Vermeulen, 2021). In any case, according to the proposed law, actual targeting of political advertisements based on sensitive personal data is still prohibited unless the two noted exemptions apply.…”

Section: Political Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Note on the Proposed Law for Improving the Transparency of Political Advertising in the European Union

Ruohonen¹

2023

Preprint

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There is an increasing supply and demand for political advertising throughout the world. At the same time, societal threats, such as election interference by foreign governments and other bad actors, continues to be a pressing concern in many democracies. Furthermore, manipulation of electoral outcomes, whether by foreign or domestic forces, continues to be a concern of many citizens who are also worried about their fundamental rights. To these ends, the European Union (EU) has launched several initiatives for tackling the issues. A new regulation was proposed in 2020 also for improving the transparency of political advertising in the union. This short commentary reviews the regulation and raises a few points about its limitations and potential impacts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Political Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Note on the Proposed Law for Improving the Transparency of Political Advertising in the European Union

Ruohonen¹

2023

Preprint

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“…When it comes to political microtargeting, two types of actors could be regarded as data controllers namely 'the online platforms and the political actors' (Casagran & Vermeulen, 2021). The Bavarian Administrative Court in 2018 held that Facebook and the user of the Audience should be considered joint data controllers (VG Bayreuth, Beschluss v. 08.05.2018 -B 1 S 18.105).…”

Section: Ii) the Data Protection Act 2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Ballot: A Comparative Analysis of Political Microtargeting Practices and Regulations in Kenya and Nigeria

Kitili

2023

JIPIT

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Technological advancements have significantly impacted the political world. Unlike the traditional means of conducting campaigns, technology makes it possible to conduct data-driven campaigns on a larger scale and with high levels of specificity. For political parties, better clarity leads to hyper-individualized communication in a process known as microtargeting. Critics argue that political microtargeting can directly manipulate and suppress voters, exacerbate polarization, perpetuate misinformation, and indirectly lead to long-term effects by encouraging political parties to ignore individuals whom they deem unlikely to vote or those who are digitally excluded. This paper studies political microtargeting in Kenya and Nigeria because of data-driven campaigns that have been observed in these jurisdictions in the past and due to the increased reliance on social media platforms that political actors are utilizing to influence voters. It argues that political microtargeting is an issue of concern and therefore, using Kenya and Nigeria, it pushes the agenda that countries in the Global South should implement policies and regulations to curtail the negative impact of the practice. To examine the extent of political microtargeting in both Kenya and Nigeria, this paper employs a multi-phase approach that involves an analysis of paid Facebook advertisements in both countries during the past election periods.

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“…In 2016, Collage admitted that more than 100 million Collage accounts had been stolen by hackers and traded on the black market [2]. In March 2018, the UK Guardian reported that the US social giant Facebook had compromised the information of 50 million users [3]. In 2020, Microsoft revealed the leak of 250 million customer service and support records during a 14-year span.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Personal Data Protection Mechanism Based on Blockchain Technology

Zhu

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Blockchain technology is increasingly being used in personal data protection. Inspired by the importance of data security, this paper proposes a personal data protection mechanism based on blockchain, combined with distributed hash tables and cryptography, to enhance users' control over the data generated using web applications. This mechanism limits enterprises' data collection and uses by users without their permission, and users have complete control over the data they generate when using the web services provided by the enterprise. It is up to the user to decide whether to share their data with other organizations. This paper designs this mechanism's system model and describes the three aspects in detail: data storage mechanism, data encryption mechanism, and data trading mechanism. Among them, the data storage mechanism restrains enterprises from privately collecting users' data, the encryption mechanism ensures that the users control the generated user data, and the data trading mechanism enables users to decide to which organizations to trade their data. Then, use the Stackelberg game to simulate the revenue sharing between users and service providers in data trading, as comparison to the current scheme, this one provides 31%, 561%, and 19% more income for the service provider when there are 1000 users. Finally, it designs and implements an application platform to reflect the practical significance of this research..

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Reflections on the murky legal practices of political micro-targeting from a GDPR perspective

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

A Note on the Proposed Law for Improving the Transparency of Political Advertising in the European Union

A Note on the Proposed Law for Improving the Transparency of Political Advertising in the European Union

Beyond the Ballot: A Comparative Analysis of Political Microtargeting Practices and Regulations in Kenya and Nigeria

Investigation of Personal Data Protection Mechanism Based on Blockchain Technology

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