Reflections on the neuroscientific legacy of Jaak Panksepp (1943–2017)

Watt, Douglas F.

doi:10.1080/15294145.2017.1376549

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…His life-long work helped the scientific world to develop awareness for “affective consciousness” (Panksepp, 2005). His affective prophecy was confirmed by the increasing awareness in the twenty-first century that “affective consciousness” has the most important role in mental life (Watt, 2017; Davis and Montag, 2018).…”

Section: Emotions For Pankseppmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Affective Neuroscience, emotions based in the subcortical affective systems are the “primary processes,” which are shaped by the “secondary processes” of learning and development, which end in cortical cognitive systems of “tertiary processes” (Panksepp, 1998; Panksepp and Solms, 2012). Although emphasizing the evolutionary priority of primary processes, affective neuroscience was fair to suggest a two-way (or circular) interaction within this nested brain-mind hierarchy, where bottom-up and top-down causations co-exist (Panksepp, 1998; Watt, 2017). By the end of the twentieth century, the attachment-based neuroscientific researches and the neuropsychoanalytical approach revoiced Panksepp’s “secondary processes” that subcortical affective systems are shaped by the influence of nurture, namely early life experiences and learning (Schore, 1994; Panksepp, 1998; Solms and Turnbull, 2002).…”

Section: Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales: Affective Roots Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-Cultural Affective Neuroscience

Özkarar-Gradwohl

2019

Front. Psychol.

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Panksepp, the father of Affective Neuroscience, dedicated his life to demonstrate that foundations of mental life and consciousness lay in the archaic layers of the brain. He had an evolutionary perspective emphasizing that the subcortical affective systems come prior to cortical cognitive systems. Based on his life-long work, the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) was constructed, and a new neurodevelopmental approach to personality was started. The new approach suggested that personality was formed based on the strengths and/or weaknesses found in the subcortical basic affective systems, which are initially regulated by the mother-infant attachment styles and later by early life experiences. ANPS measured six basic affects: CARE, PLAY, SEEK, SADNESS, FEAR, and ANGER; along with a Spirituality subscale. Up to date, it has been translated to several languages, and these studies confirmed that ANPS is a reliable and valid tool. Based on the observation that these ANPS studies have both universal and culturally specific findings, cross-cultural affective neuroscience (CAN) was initiated in 2012, with the approval of Panksepp. As a new research field, CAN aims to investigate the influence of culture on the regulation of basic affective systems. CAN claims that this influence can be studied by observing the cultural variations in (1) the level of emotional interdependency, (2) the types of reinforced or suppressed affects, and (3) the types of affects that accompany interdependent or independent self-construals. Cross-cultural comparisons of Turkish and American ANPS findings and the results of our first Euro-Asian CAN project among Japan, Turkey, and Germany support these claims. These cultures regulate the basic affective systems in unique ways, while maintaining certain similarities with each other. In a way, each culture has a unique affective personality profile and a specific function in the global affective network. The conclusion of this review shares guidelines, suggestions and ethical codes for future CAN researches.

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Section: Emotions For Pankseppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales: Affective Roots Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Cultural Affective Neuroscience

Özkarar-Gradwohl

2019

Front. Psychol.

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“…There is some disagreement about how many and which emotions deserve the label “primary.” Prominent authors are Tomkins (1981), Ekman (1992), Damasio (1996), Darwin (1999), Plutchik (2000), Panksepp (2004), Izard (2007), and Panksepp and Biven (2012). Of these, we consider Panksepp as currently having the most thorough scientific grounding for his theory (Watt, 2017). Panksepp was truly an experimental researcher in neuroaffective science and developed a most stringent definition of what should count as “primary emotions.” By definition, primary emotional systems should:…”

Section: The Three Major Constituents Of Personalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Temperament-Attachment-Mentalization-Based (TAM) Theory of Personality and Its Disorders

Karterud¹,

Kongerslev

2019

Front. Psychol.

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Theories of personality and its disorders need, from time to time, to be revised and updated according to new empirical and conceptual developments. Such development has taken place in the realms of affective neuroscience, evolution, and social cognition. In this article, we outline a new personality theory, which claims that phenomena we usually ascribe to the concept personality are best understood by postulating a web consisting of three major constituents: temperament (mainly primary emotions), attachment, and self-consciousness (mentalizing). We describe these constituents, their neurobiological underpinnings, the subjective experiences they evoke, and their behavioral implications. We discuss the relevance of the espoused theory in the field of personality disorders with references to borderline, narcissistic, and avoidant personality disorders as well as the DSM-5 alternative model. Implications for social psychology, psychotherapy, and common sense self-understanding are outlined. The theory aims to bridge previous contradictions between natural sciences and hermeneutics by its propositions of the evolution of self-consciousness.

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“…On the other hand, authorities of Affective Neuroscience stated that Command Systems are activated by mechanisms that are incompatible with Freud's perspective. Panksepp had been followed the view that homeostatic drives, in principle a 12 The classification of Command Systems was evaluated according to Watt (2017). The following major structures were given as constituents of the seven Command Systems.…”

Section: Affective Neurosciencementioning

confidence: 99%