Reflex regulation of systemic inflammation by the autonomic nervous system

McAllen, Robin M.; Martelli, Davide

doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102926

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Studies have shown that acupuncture of the auricular concha area activates the vagal cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway [ 10 ], but the mechanism of action of ABT is unclear. Tanaka et al and McAllen et al [ 24 , 25 ] found that sympathetic nerves are involved in the immune regulation of inflammation. Specifically, the organism synthesizes and secretes complement components or cytokines—including more sensitive ones such as TNF- α and IL-1 β —when systemic or local infections occur [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auriculotherapy Modulates Macrophage Polarization to Reduce Inflammatory Response in a Rat Model of Acne

Zuo

Gao

et al. 2023

Mediators of Inflammation

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Background. The inflammatory response is an important part of the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Auriculotherapy has been shown to have a good therapeutic effect on this disease. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of auriculotherapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Methods. Propionibacterium acnes was injected subcutaneously into the ears of rats to establish an animal model of acne. The auriculotherapy intervention in rats consisted of auricular bloodletting therapy (ABT), auricular point sticking (APS), or a combination of both (ABPS). The anti-inflammatory effects of auriculotherapy were evaluated by measuring changes in ear thickness, local body surface microcirculation in the ear, and serum inflammatory factors in rats. The polarization of macrophages was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expression of TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway in the target tissues was analyzed using western blot. Results. ABT, APS, and ABPS all reduced the erythema of ear acne, decreased microcirculation in localized ear acne, and decreased serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in rats. Meanwhile, the three interventions reduced M1-type macrophages and increased M2-type macrophages; only APS could reduce the expression of TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusion. ABT, APS, and ABPS can improve the inflammatory symptoms of acne and reduce inflammatory cytokines. APS may exert anti-inflammatory effects by altering macrophage polarization and decreasing TLR2/NF-κB expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auriculotherapy Modulates Macrophage Polarization to Reduce Inflammatory Response in a Rat Model of Acne

Zuo

Gao

et al. 2023

Mediators of Inflammation

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“…Extensive literature has accumulated since 2000 that indicates an association between various inflammatory markers, changes in the structure and function of a variety of cellular components of the brain, and the development of major psychiatric illnesses. No longer thought to be "immunologically privileged" by virtue of the blood-brain permeability barrier, it is now well established that the brain is extensively influenced by systemic inflammation and, in turn, can modulate systemic inflammation through descending [26] and biochemical [27] pathways. Inflammatory influences in in-utero brain development and subsequent offspring behavior have been demonstrated in animal models [29] although the relevance to mental illness in humans remains to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Infection is Associated with an Increase in New Diagnoses of Schizophrenia Spectrum and Psychotic Disorder: A Study Using the US National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)

Rahman,

Russell,

Zheng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Amid the ongoing global repercussions of SARS-CoV-2, it’s crucial to comprehend its potential long-term psychiatric effects. Several recent studies have suggested a link between COVID-19 and subsequent mental health disorders. Our investigation joins this exploration, concentrating on Schizophrenia Spectrum and Psychotic Disorders (SSPD). Different from other studies, we took acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19 lab negative cohorts as control groups to accurately gauge the impact of COVID-19 on SSPD. Data from 19,344,698 patients, sourced from the N3C Data Enclave platform, were methodically filtered to create propensity matched cohorts: ARDS (n = 222,337), COVID-positive (n = 219,264), and COVID-negative (n = 213,183). We systematically analyzed the hazard rate of new-onset SSPD across three distinct time intervals: 0-21 days, 22-90 days, and beyond 90 days post-infection. COVID-19 positive patients consistently exhibited a heightened hazard ratio (HR) across all intervals [0-21 days (HR: 4.6; CI: 3.7-5.7), 22-90 days (HR: 2.9; CI: 2.3 -3.8), beyond 90 days (HR: 1.7; CI: 1.5-1.)]. These are notably higher than both ARDS and COVID-19 lab-negative patients. Validations using various tests, including the Cochran Mantel Haenszel Test, Wald Test, and Log-rank Test confirmed these associations. Intriguingly, our data indicated that younger individuals face a heightened risk of SSPD after contracting COVID-19, a trend not observed in the ARDS and COVID-negative groups. These results, aligned with the known neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 and earlier studies, accentuate the need for vigilant psychiatric assessment and support in the era of Long-COVID, especially among younger populations.

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“…Splanchnic sympathetic nerves were shown to control inflammation processes, induced by intravenous administration of LPS (Martelli et al, 2014(Martelli et al, , 2019. It was proposed that splanchnic sympathetic nerves constitute an efferent part of the inflammatory reflex along with vagal afferents or/and bloodstream as sensory routes of immune to CNS communication (Komegae et al, 2018;McAllen et al, 2022). We cannot exclude that after abdominal vagal denervation, part of immune sensory functions is taken over by other sensory fibers.…”

Section: Vagotomy Affects Amino Acid Neurotransmitters In the Hypotha...mentioning

confidence: 94%

Hypothalamic Neurochemical Changes in Long-Term Recovered Bilateral Subdiaphragmatic Vagotomized Rats

Kobrzycka

Stankiewicz

Gościk

et al. 2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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BackgroundVagus nerve is one of the crucial routes in communication between the immune and central nervous systems. The impaired vagal nerve function may intensify peripheral inflammatory processes. This effect subsides along with prolonged recovery after permanent nerve injury. One of the results of such compensation is a normalized plasma concentration of stress hormone corticosterone – a marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. In this work, we strive to explain this corticosterone normalization by studying the mechanisms responsible for compensation-related neurochemical alterations in the hypothalamus.Materials and MethodsUsing microarrays and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we measured genome-wide gene expression and major amino acid neurotransmitters content in the hypothalamus of bilaterally vagotomized rats, 1 month after surgery.ResultsOur results show that, in the long term, vagotomy affects hypothalamic amino acids concentration but not mRNA expression of tested genes.DiscussionWe propose an alternative pathway of immune to CNS communication after vagotomy, leading to activation of the HPA axis, by influencing central amino acids and subsequent monoaminergic neurotransmission.

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Reflex regulation of systemic inflammation by the autonomic nervous system

Cited by 25 publications

References 54 publications

Auriculotherapy Modulates Macrophage Polarization to Reduce Inflammatory Response in a Rat Model of Acne

Auriculotherapy Modulates Macrophage Polarization to Reduce Inflammatory Response in a Rat Model of Acne

SARS-CoV-2 Infection is Associated with an Increase in New Diagnoses of Schizophrenia Spectrum and Psychotic Disorder: A Study Using the US National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)

Hypothalamic Neurochemical Changes in Long-Term Recovered Bilateral Subdiaphragmatic Vagotomized Rats

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