Reflexos Da Evolução Urbana Sobre a Arborização Em Erechim, Sul Do Brasil

Abstract

O conhecimento da maneira pela qual a arborização urbana é planejada contribui para a compreensão da sociedade e de sua relação com o ambiente, sendo fundamental para a organização e manejo eficiente da arborização contemporânea. Em vista disso, o presente trabalho buscou responder a duas questões principais: como a arborização urbana foi conduzida em Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, ao longo de sua história e quais fatores influenciaram nesta condução. Para responder a estas questões, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica da história do município e uma análise de fotografias de diversos pontos da cidade desde a época da colonização até os dias atuais. Os primeiros registros fotográficos relacionados à arborização urbana de Erechim datam da década de 1920. Verificou-se que nas décadas de 1920 a 1970 predominaram o uso de espécies exóticas e de formas simétricas e lineares, com estilo paisagístico fortemente associado à colonização europeia. A partir da década de 1980, verificou-se maior uso de espécies da flora regional, culminando com a maior valorização de espécies nativas no final do período.

Brazilian landscape styles and tree biodiversity in public garden squares

“…When compared to similar studies in other Brazilian cities, the values found for species and individuals per square and hectare of the contemporary style and in Curitiba as general are noted to be low. In São Gabriel-RS, there are 37.00 ±6.56 species per square, 28.65 ±4.38 species per hectare, 181.00 ±69.40 individuals per square, and 143.34 ±66.74 individuals per hectare (OLIVEIRA-NEVES et al, 2016); in Guarapuava-PR, there are 30.80 ±13.55 species per square, 163.30 ±96.70 individuals per square, and 102.33 ±54.95 individuals per hectare (KRAMER; KRUPEK, 2012); in Leme-SP, there are 25.00 ±16.09 species per square, and 98.67 ±72.13 individuals per square (TISCHER et al, 2014); and in Nova Xavantina-MT, there are 15.17 ±10.95 species per square and 68.91 ±39.86 individuals per square (LIMA et al, 2015).…”

“…The first garden squares in Brazil followed European landscape design trends, which used to represent nature dominated by humans, highlighting symmetry and geometry, and valuing focal points through the use of statues, monuments, and fountains (MAGALHÃES, 2014;SILVA, 2014). The inauguration of Rio de Janeiro Passeio Público park in 1783 was a milestone for the Brazilian eclectic landscape style that, besides the already mentioned attributes imported from Europe, is determined by the soil impermeabilization and by exotic species to the Brazilian flora (ROBBA;MACEDO, 2010;OLIVEIRA et al, 2013;SILVA, 2014).…”

“…From 1930 on, the first signs of change appeared in the conception of green areas in the cities through the country, especially the work done by Roberto Burle Marx, who started a trend of valorizing the Brazilian native vegetation and became the symbol of the modern landscape style (OLIVEIRA et al, 2013;CARNEIRO, 2014). Starting in 1934, with the Casa Forte garden square by Burle Marx, in Recife-PE, the modern landscape style began to employ indigenous species and highlighted the Brazilian vegetation, using it as inspiration for the use of shapes, colors and textures (CARNEIRO, 2014;SILVA, 2014).…”

Influence of Urbanization on the Dynamics of the Urban Vegetation Coverage Index (VCI) in Erechim (RS)

“…The municipality of Erechim was one of the first planned cities in Brazil, with urban road system layout in the form of a grid based on cities like Washington and Paris, with wide, long and green avenues and symmetrical and linear streets surrounded by squares (Oliveira et al, 2013). It has population of 96,087 inhabitants, total area of 430,668 km 2 and demographic density of 223.11 inhabitants/km 2 (IBGE, 2010).…”

“…The dynamics between natural environment and urban space are related to improvements in the quality of life of the population such as environment with recreation, leisure and aesthetic value (Gomes, 2013). The absence of vegetation affects fundamental mechanisms that reduce temperature, since vegetation acts on the climatic elements in urban microclimates, altering absorption capacity and heat transmission when compared to rural areas (Mascaró & Mascaró, 2009;Oliveira et al, 2013). These changes in ecosystems bring negative consequences to human well-being and reduce ecosystem services (MEA, 2005).…”