With the rapid development of chemical industry and the concept of "new engineering", higher requirements are put forward for colleges and universities to train new engineering talents. Chemical experiment is an important means for students to deepen their theoretical knowledge and improve their innovative consciousness, and it shoulders an important mission for cultivating outstanding chemical talents. However, the shortcomings of auxiliary and passive nature of traditional chemical experiments are increasingly prominent, which makes it difficult to meet the training requirements of outstanding talents. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish the knowledge system of experimental teaching through the reform of chemical experimental teaching. Based on the present situation of basic chemistry experiment teaching in local colleges and universities, this paper studies and explores the teaching of basic chemistry experiment from the aspects of innovating experimental teaching content, perfecting experimental teaching methods and improving the examination system of experimental courses, and constructs an experimental teaching system based on the cultivation of innovative ability under the background of "new engineering" to improve students' experimental interest and provide guarantee for cultivating talents with strong practical ability and innovative ability.