“…12 10 France implemented several pension reforms since 1993. Notably, reforms implemented in 1993Notably, reforms implemented in , 2003Notably, reforms implemented in , 2010Notably, reforms implemented in , and 2014 rose both the pensionable age and the contribution period necessary to reach full pension and eliminated most early retirement schemes (Duc, 2015;Hallaert and Queyranne, 2016). The impact of the pension reform adopted in 2023 is not incorporated in Figure 13.…”