Refractive error study in young subjects: results from a rural area in Paraguay

Signes-Soler, Isabel; Hernández-Verdejo, José Luis; Lumeras, Miguel Angel Estrella; Verduras, Elena Tomás; Piñero, David P.

doi:10.18240/ijo.2017.03.22

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Astigmatism was common among clinic participants, with 18% of all participants having astigmatism of -1.50 D or worse (Table 7.). The prevalence by age group agrees with previously reported data 16,17,28,30 and overall prevalence is similar to that reported by Gomez-Salazar et al 16 in Baja California. This may be compared to a prevalence of astigmatism of 23% in all those aged 20-39 in the US and 20% of Mexican Americans in the same age group.…”

Section: Astigmatismsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Castagno et al 27 reported an 8% prevalence of hyperopia in Brazilian 6 year olds, decreasing to 1% at age 15. Gomez-Salazar et al 16 reported a similar prevalence and trend to decreased hyperopia in [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] year olds in Mexico. Prevalence of hyperopia was higher in this age group in the present study.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hyperopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another Hispanic country, Paraguay the prevalence of myopia was 38% in 3-22 year olds. 17 Prevalence of myopia among adults in the US and Europe is reported to be 25-33% and 37%, respectively. 13,18,19 In contrast, the prevalence of myopia among children and young adults exceeds 70% in several Asian cities, with 97% of 19 year-old men in Seoul, Korea being myopic.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Refractive Error and Need for Corrective Lenses in Medically Underserved Residents of Tijuana, Mexico

Ubels

Ismond

Timmermans

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Purpose: The population of Tijuana, Mexico is growing rapidly, with a current official population estimate of 1.7 million. Nearly 80,000 people migrate to Tijuana each year, resulting in the rise of neighborhoods with substandard housing, lack of services and inadequate access to health care, including eye care. This study describes refractive errors and the need for corrective lenses among participants attending free clinics in these neighborhoods where they received free eye exams and glasses during January 2016. Methods: This is a retrospective observational chart review of de-identified data collected from intake forms that were filled out for each participant at the clinics. Subjects were self-selected in response to announcements in the neighborhoods where clinics were conducted. Subjects with presenting uncorrected visual acuity 20/30 OU or worse were examined with an autorefractor to measure spherical refractive error. Either prescription or reading glasses were then distributed to participants who had refractive errors. Epi Info, an open source program provided by the CDC, was used to analyze demographic, visual acuity and refractive error data. Results: Presenting visual acuity was evaluated in 1209 people. Of these patients, 70% had a visual acuity of 20/30 or worse. Only 23% of these patients had glasses. Among the patients who were given refractions, 13% had clinically significant myopia (-0.75 D or worse in at least one eye). In participants 20 years old and younger, only 8% had clinically significant myopia. Clinically significant hyperopia (+0.75 D or worse in at least one eye) was detected in 25% of participants. Astigmatism (-1.5 D or worse in at least one eye) was present in 18% of participants. Prescription glasses were given to 542 participants and 396 of these people received their first glasses. Reading glasses were given to 386 people. Among students only 15% presented at the clinics with glasses, while it was determined that 56% of student participants needed glasses. Conclusion: The high levels of uncorrected refractive error in this study suggest limited access to affordable eye care in neighborhoods where clinics were conducted. Prevalence of myopia among adolescents and young adults is increasing in many parts of the world. In contrast, a relatively high prevalence of hyperopia was observed in this age group in Tijuana. The data demonstrate an urgent need for eye care and correction of refractive error in the study group.

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Section: Astigmatismsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Prevalence Of Hyperopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Refractive Error and Need for Corrective Lenses in Medically Underserved Residents of Tijuana, Mexico

Ubels

Ismond

Timmermans

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Uncorrected/undercorrected refractive error (particularly myopia) is the main reason for UCVA/PVA 20/40 or worse. 43 , 45 , 46 This type of vision problem can be easily solved by prescribing a pair of suitable spectacles. In the present study, only 24.2% of myopia students wore glasses, and 59.4% of them did not have accurate spectacles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Refractive Error and Visual Acuity Among School Children in the Plateau Region of Qinghai, China

Wu¹,

Tian²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

IJGM

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Purpose This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of refractive error and visual acuity among school children in the plateau region of Qinghai, China. Methods The school-based, cross-sectional study was performed in Menyuan, Qinghai, China. Three kindergartens and three primary schools were randomly enrolled from both rural areas and county towns. The participants had undergone ophthalmic examinations of the intraocular pressure (IOP), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), presenting visual acuity (PVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cycloplegic refraction, and axial length (AL). Regression analysis was applied to investigate the potential risk factors affecting the prevalence of various refractive errors. Results A total of 3770 children were invited to participate, and 3524 (93.5%) had undergone examination. Among the 3524 children (51.8% boys) with a mean age of 8.3±2.3 years, 1049 (29.8%) had myopia, 30 (0.9%) had high myopia, 1692 (48.0%) had mild hyperopia, 152 (4.3%) had medium to marked hyperopia and 925 (26.2%) had astigmatism. The mean SER was −0.16±1.86 D and decreased with age. The AL increased with age from 21.80±0.59 mm at 4-years to 23.53±1.05 mm at 12-years. The myopia prevalence increased with age from 2.0% at 4 years to 62.8% at 12-years. Myopia was associated with increasing age, county town habitation and girls. Among the 723 participants with PVA 20/40 or worse in one eye, 564 (78.0%) were due to uncorrected refractive error, and 83 (22.0%) were due to undercorrected refractive error. Among the 1049 children with myopia, only 254 wore glasses, and 151 children with PVA had a worse BCVA and did not have accurate spectacles. Conclusion The prevalence of myopia is very high among school children in Menyuan. Only 24.2% of myopic children wore glasses, and 59.4% of children did not have accurate spectacles. Strategies to improve access to eye care and affordable glasses are needed.

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“…14 A survey by Signes-Soler et al in rural Paraguay also listed refractive errors (58%) as the major cause of visual impairment followed by retinal problems. 15 According to World Health Organization bulletin 2010 world load of uncorrected refractive errorsrelated decreased vision (myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism) is 103 million. 14 Different factors effecting the prevalence of refractive errors include selected population (urban or rural), developed or developing country, quality of available eye services, tests and conditions used to evaluate the visual acuity, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive Errors: Prevalence and Pattern among Rural Population of Islamabad, Pakistan

Akhter

Yousafzai

Rana³

2020

JIMDC

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Background: Refractive error is the most common cause of correctable visual loss worldwide. Decreased vision due to refractive error can be easily corrected with the help of spectacles, contact lenses and refractive surgery. However, there are 42% of uncorrected refractive errors all over the world. The present study aimed to evaluate different kinds of refractive errors, its prevalence and pattern in patients from rural areas who visited our hospital in the last five years. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 2,138 patients, who visited eye OPD at Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad during a period of five years i.e. from September, 2013 to September, 2018. Patients having only refractive error with an age of five years and above were included in the study. All patients had objective refraction with automated refractometer followed by subjective refraction. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 20.0. Chi-square test was used for comparing groups with a P-value of <0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results: Compound myopic astigmatism was the most common error found in our study population (n=575; 26.9%). The second most frequent complaint was simple myopia (n=501; 23.4%) followed by presbyopia (n=441; 20.6%) and mixed astigmatism (n=235; 11%). Patients with more than one refractive error included 178 (8.3%) with mixed astigmatism and presbyopia and 78 (3.6%) with simple myopia and presbyopia. Compound myopic astigmatism was more prevalent in younger ages compared to older age groups (46.4% vs 19.9%) (P <0.001). Mixed astigmatism (12.4% vs 8.9%), simple myopia (23.8% vs 22.9%) and presbyopia (21.3% vs 19.5%) were slightly greater in females than males (P=0.07), respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of myopia is significantly higher among female population and young individuals. Mixed astigmatism combined with presbyopia is more common among elderly population.

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Refractive error study in young subjects: results from a rural area in Paraguay

Abstract: A low prevalence of refractive error has been found in this rural area of Paraguay, with higher prevalence of myopia than of hyperopia.

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence of Refractive Error and Need for Corrective Lenses in Medically Underserved Residents of Tijuana, Mexico

Prevalence of Refractive Error and Need for Corrective Lenses in Medically Underserved Residents of Tijuana, Mexico

Prevalence of Refractive Error and Visual Acuity Among School Children in the Plateau Region of Qinghai, China

Refractive Errors: Prevalence and Pattern among Rural Population of Islamabad, Pakistan

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