Refrigeration and thermometry below one Kelvin

Betts, David S.; Scurlock, R.G.

doi:10.1016/0011-2275(77)90267-3

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…This effect becomes worse with a larger cross-section of the pumping line. Secondly, since the film is able to transport heat rather well, it acts like an additional heat leak [Bet76]. In analogy with the critical current or the critical magnetic field of a superconductor, superfluid helium has a critical velocity (Landau velocity).…”

Section: Relative Measurement Of B Idmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The important advantage is, that due to the finite solubility the amount of "evaporated" 3 He atomsṅ 3 does not decrease exponentially but stays constant with temperature. In other words, the osmotic pressure gradient, which can be seen as the analogous of the vapour pressure for an evaporation cryostat [Bet76], does not become zero, but instead approaches a finite value of about 22 mbar…”

Section: Relative Measurement Of B Idmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neutron spin phase imaging

Piegsa

Brandt

Hautle

et al. 2008

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Section: Relative Measurement Of B Idmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relative Measurement Of B Idmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron spin phase imaging

Piegsa

Brandt

Hautle

et al. 2008

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…The entire range of specialized techniques for producing and measuring temperatures below 1 K is described by Betts [37] and not discussed here.…”

Section: Additional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical properties of materials and their measurement at low temperatures

Fickett¹

1982

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“…The foils were suspended in liquid 3He with a free surface within the cell. The thermal resistances were 7 …”

Section: Avenel Berglund Gylling Phillips and Vetleseter ~34mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review paper: Heat transfer between liquid helium and solids below 100 mK

Harrison

1979

J Low Temp Phys

147

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The many experimental determinations of heat transfer between liquid helium and solids are reviewed and compared with the existing theories. Generally heat transfer is a complex process at low temperatures, involving parallel heat paths with several resistances in series in each path. The standard theories for the individual resistances are reviewed and as far as possible a definite value of the expected resistance obtained. ddute He m hqutd He, metals m liquid He, metals m dtlute He m hquld 4He, and miscellaneous experiments. Where appropriate, the experimental results have been reevaluated in terms of standard models for heat transfer and presented as resistance versus temperature on diagrams showing the theoretical predictions. Between 20 and lOOmK many measurements show good agreement with acoustic mismatch theory for thermal boundary resistance. Below 20 mK most experiments have been made with finely divided solids (sintered metals or powdered paramagnetic salts); invariably the resistance has been anomalously low, with the metal/3He systems showing RocT -1 and the metal/dilute 3He in * . -3 9He systems showing RocT . The cerium magnesium nitrate/helium experiments have shown a temperatureindependent resistance and sometimes an RecT -~ dependence. These resistances have been attributed to the spin-lattice resistance in cerium magnesium nitrate. Evidence[or heat transfer by magnetic coupling has been reviewed and it is concluded that the positive evidence has other explanations, while the lack of dependence upon helium pressure, 3He phase, and large magnetic fields is strong negative evidence. If the disagreement of experimental results with standard theory is not to be attributed to magnetic coupling, then several theoretical questions remain to be answered; these questions are posed. Basically, at low temperatures the excitations in solids and liquid helium have wavelengths and mean free paths much larger than the size of the finely divided particles or pores between the particles. Thus theories for bulk solids and bulk liquid helium are not appropriate for describing excitations and their interactions at these low temperatures. 467 0022-2291/79/1200-0467503.00/0 ~) 1979 Plenum Publishing Corporation 468 J.P. Harrison

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Refrigeration and thermometry below one Kelvin

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Neutron spin phase imaging

Neutron spin phase imaging

Electrical properties of materials and their measurement at low temperatures

Review paper: Heat transfer between liquid helium and solids below 100 mK

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