Refugees, Women, and Weapons

Flowers, Petrice R.

doi:10.11126/stanford/9780804759731.001.0001

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Despite these advances, we do not fully understand dynamics that result from a 'negative fit' between international norms and local culture (Flockhart 2006, Flowers 2009 or from conflicts between human rights norms and other accepted counter-norms (Sikkink 2013). The salience and fit of a candidate norm with domestic culture and political structure are well established as factors that influence norm change (Cortell and Davis 1996;Finnemore and Sikkink 1998;Risse and Sikkink 1999;Simmons 2009;Towns 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this article we identify a process of international norm polarization (polarization) that builds on work emphasizing the importance of identity, legitimacy, and social hierarchy to norm adoption (Flockhart 2006;Flowers 2009;Towns 2012). Polarization resembles Amitav Acharya's account of 'norm subsidiarity', which occurs when peripheral actors reject international norms in order to circumvent possible 'domination, neglect or abuse' by more powerful central actors (2011, 97).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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International norm polarization: sexuality as a subject of human rights protection

Symons

Altman

2015

Int Theory

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International norm polarization is a rare but recurring process within international norm dynamics. Polarization describes the most combative response to attempted norm change: ‘a candidate norm is accepted by some states but resisted by others, leading to a period of international disputation between two groups in which socializing pressures pull states toward compliance with rival norms’. We identify several cases of polarization and explain this phenomenon by elaborating the constructivist model of the norm life cycle to processes of international resistance to norm change as well as to norm acceptance. We also draw on social identity theory (SIT) to examine group-psychological responses where disputed norms become closely linked to state identity. We illustrate these dynamics with reference to conflict over the norm that recognizes sexual orientation and gender identity as subjects of international human rights protection. Over the past decade this candidate norm has become increasingly contentious internationally, and bitter debates over resolutions concerning extra-judicial killings and discrimination have divided the United Nations General Assembly and Human Rights Council. The article makes a primary contribution to analysis of international norm change and also contributes to an emerging literature concerning sexuality and international relations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International norm polarization: sexuality as a subject of human rights protection

Symons

Altman

2015

Int Theory

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“…Japan accepted a relatively large number of Indochinese refugees between the late 1970s and the early 1980s, and a diplomatic scandal focused international media attention on Japan's strict refugee policy during the early 2000s referred to as the Shenyang incident. Yet, Japanese policymakers tried their best to minimize the political impact of these events and have rarely made refugee policy a high priority (Dean & Nagashima, 2007; Flowers, 2009; Strausz, 2012). Soon after the Shenyang incident in 2002, the Japanese government modified its policy to accommodate the refugees with more transparency, but their revisions of the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act in 2004 and 2005 did not challenge the existing institutional framework of strictly controlling refugees' entry to and residence in Japan (Asakawa, 2013).…”

Section: The Gap In the Literature: Explaining Public Attitudes Towar...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Humanitarianism in Shaping Public Attitudes Toward Refugees

Fraser

Murakami

2021

Political Psychology

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Most studies that explore attitudes towards immigration conceptualize immigrants as economic migrants. The limitation of this approach is that it emphasizes economic costs and benefits while ignoring the humanitarian logic that forms the basis of refugee admission. To date, few studies have developed and tested theories that explain public support for admitting humanitarian migrants. Our article fills this gap. We argue that dispositional and situational triggers related to humanitarianism shape public attitudes towards refugees: When natives are predisposed to help others in need (humanitarianism) and/or refugees are seen to be victims of randomly occurring events, the public is more likely to support refugee admission. We test this theory using observational and experimental data from a country that accepts few resettlement refugees, Japan. Our study uses a ratingbased conjoint which randomized crisis event, place of origin, access to public housing, and degree of political support for receiving refugees. We find that humanitarianism predicts public support for admitting refugees more strongly than it predicts support for economic migrants. Moreover, we show that people with a higher level of humanitarianism prefer to admit refugees who flee natural disasters and wars as opposed to those who escape from political repression.

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Migration and Law in Japan

Kondo

2015

Asia & Pacific Policy Stud

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It has been claimed that Japan is not a country of immigration. Where is Japan's distinctiveness evident, and what features does it share with other countries? This article examines the unique points of Japan and investigates problems of residence and citizenship. This article argues that Japan's historical legacy and international human rights have had an impact on Japan's migration and law, takes into consideration the need for new policies and examines some thorny issues. Globalisation and an ageing population are generating a debate on implementing a more liberal admission policy for highly skilled workers, students and nurses/care workers. Thorny issues comprise ethnic discrimination underscored by a colonial legacy and the still existing cold war in East Asia. Drawing a comparison with selected developed countries, this article indicates several challenges for Japan's migration and law. Markedly, Japan is the only developed industrialised democracy that does not have an antidiscrimination law.

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Refugees, Women, and Weapons

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

International norm polarization: sexuality as a subject of human rights protection

International norm polarization: sexuality as a subject of human rights protection

The Role of Humanitarianism in Shaping Public Attitudes Toward Refugees

Migration and Law in Japan

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