Regeneration fromin-vitroleaves of ‘Conference’ and other pear cultivars (Pyrus communisL.)

High-frequency shoot regeneration from leaves of the apple rootstock M26 (Malus pumila Mill.)

“…3a, 3b). The results confirm reports on the positive effect of dark on regeneration from leaf tissues of fruit trees [5,17,20]; red is also known for its influence on regeneration [12].…”

Effects of β-lactam antibiotics, auxins, and cytokinins on shoot regeneration from callus cultures of two hybrid aspens, Populus tremuloides × P. tremula and P. x canescens × P. gradidentata

“…In contrast, cefotaxime (CEF), a cephem ( Fig. 1), stimulates plant regeneration in vitro both via somatic embryogenesis (Mathias and Boyd 1986;Zaghmout and Torello 1992;Pius et al 1993;Nakano and Mii 1993;Rao et al 1995;Danilova and Dolgikh 2004) and shoot organogenesis (Mathias and Mukasa 1987;Okkels and Pedersen 1988;Predieri et al 1989;Valobra and (penicillin G, carbenicillin, cefotaxime) and potential penicillin and carbenicillin degradation products (phenylacetic acid, phenylmalonic acid, 6-aminopenicillanic acid). Key features shared by all three antibiotics; two amide bonds (arrows) and a b-lactam ring (gray shading), are indicated on the penicillin (PEN) diagram (Chambers 2007).…”

Plant regeneration from in vitro leaves of four commercial Pyrus species

“…Data with different letters in the same column are significantly different at P < 0.05 (Student's t-test) Pyrus communis, P. pyrifolia, P. bretschneideri and P. ussuriensis are four main species commercially used for pear production (Richard et al 1996). Since shoot organogenesis from leaf explants of pear was first reported by Laimer da Camara Machado et al (1988), who used Pyrus communis as a model plant, many studies have been dedicated to the development of efficient methods for shoot regeneration in Pyrus species (Chevreau et al 1989, Shibli et al 2000, Liu and Tang 2003 as well as in important cultivars of Pyrus communis (Predieri et al 1989, Abu-Qaoud et al 1991, Caboni et al 1999 and Pyrus pyrifolia (Lane et al 1998). To date, shoot organogenesis from leaf explants was applied to Pyrus communis, P. pyrifolia and P. bretschneideri (Liu 2003).…”

“…However, large gaps still exist in fundamental methodologies, including efficient protocols for re-generating plants from matured tissues, especially leaves, of an existing pear cultivar, which could ensure that their genotype is identical to that of the parental material. Most of the previous works on plant regeneration from leaves of pears focused on P. communis (Chevreau et al 1989, Predieri et al 1989, Abu-Qaoud et al 1991, Leblay et al 1991 with only a few reports on P. bretschneideri (Chevreau et al 1989) and P. pyrifolia (Lane et al 1998, Lee et al 2004. Recently, adventitious shoots have been regenerated from leaves of P. pyraster (Palombi et al 2007) and P. betulaefolia (Poudyal et al 2008) as well as P. bretschneideri, P. pyrifolia and P. communis.…”