Regional bone geometry of the tibia in triathletes and stress reactions—An observational study

Newsham-West, Richard; Lyons, B; Milburn, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2013.04.004

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…in the Wards triangle, as a result of cycle falls) are unknown. Thinner anterior tibiae and the presence of oedema on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appears to be a precursor to stress fracture development, however [86]. In Ironman triathletes, the spectrum of abnormal MRI findings of the knee and shoulder was no greater than agerelated changes previously reported for other athletic populations and non-athletes [82,171].…”

Section: Other Responses With Potential Health Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Impact of Triathlon Training and Racing on Athletes’ General Health

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although the sport of triathlon provides an opportunity to research the effect of multi-disciplinary exercise on health across the lifespan, much remains to be done. The literature has failed to consistently or adequately report subject age group, sex, ability level, and/or event-distance specialization. The demands of training and racing are relatively unquantified. Multiple definitions and reporting methods for injury and illness have been implemented. In general, risk factors for maladaptation have not been well-described. The data thus far collected indicate that the sport of triathlon is relatively safe for the well-prepared, well-supplied athlete. Most injuries 'causing cessation or reduction of training or seeking of medical aid' are not serious. However, as the extent to which they recur may be high and is undocumented, injury outcome is unclear. The sudden death rate for competition is 1.5 (0.9-2.5) [mostly swim-related] occurrences for every 100,000 participations. The sudden death rate is unknown for training, although stroke risk may be increased, in the long-term, in genetically susceptible athletes. During heavy training and up to 5 days post-competition, host protection against pathogens may also be compromised. The incidence of illness seems low, but its outcome is unclear. More prospective investigation of the immunological, oxidative stress-related and cardiovascular effects of triathlon training and competition is warranted. Training diaries may prove to be a promising method of monitoring negative adaptation and its potential risk factors. More longitudinal, medical-tent-based studies of the aetiology and treatment demands of race-related injury and illness are needed.

show abstract

Section: Other Responses With Potential Health Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Impact of Triathlon Training and Racing on Athletes’ General Health

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although Cristofolini et al (2013) reported that the tibia is relatively uniform in instances of stress-force exertion; Wolff's Law states that "Every change in the form and the function of a bone or of its function alone is followed by certain definitive changes in its internal architecture". Consequently, in the observational study conducted by Newsham-West et al (2014) it was deduced that the strength of bone is indeed related to its morphology and morphometry. While there is much emphasis and need for the application of bone architecture in the medico-legal industry, the fascination of the demographic and phenotypic factors particular to the tibia were considered to be signs of social status and beauty in the ancient civilizations of the Egyptian, Greek and Chinese dynasties (Golding, 1994;Akhlaghi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometry of the Black Adult Tibia: A South African Study

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…A third author (PC) independently verified the extracted data. The authors of 17 studies 9 , 10 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 clarified questions regarding raw data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%