Regional Brain Activations Predicting Subsequent Memory Success: An Event-Related Fmri Study of the Influence of Encoding Tasks

Fletcher, Paul C.; Stephenson, C.; Carpenter, T. Adrian; Donovan, T B; Bullmore, ET

doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70875-x

Cited by 87 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…1B and 2B). We did not observe consistent differences in the prefrontal distribution of DM effects for deep and shallow study, compatible with earlier studies reporting overlapping DM-effects for both task conditions (26)(27)(28).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Fiber density between rhinal cortex and activated ventrolateral prefrontal regions predicts episodic memory performance in humans

Schott

Niklas²,

Kaufmann³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is assumed to contribute to goaldirected episodic encoding by exerting cognitive control on medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory processes. However, it is thus far unclear to what extent the contribution of PFC-MTL interactions to memory manifests at a structural anatomical level. We combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and fiber tracking based on diffusion tensor imaging in 28 young, healthy adults to quantify the density of white matter tracts between PFC regions that were activated during the encoding period of a verbal free-recall task and MTL subregions. Across the cohort, the strength of fiber bundles linking activated ventrolateral PFC regions and the rhinal cortex (comprising the peri-and entorhinal cortices) of the MTL correlated positively with free-recall performance. These direct white matter connections provide a basis through which activated regions in the PFC can interact with the MTL and contribute to interindividual differences in human episodic memory.functional MRI | tractography | hippocampus | perirhinal cortex | entorhinal cortex E pisodic memory (1) is the ability to encode, store, and recall events in their spatial and temporal context. Human lesion studies (2, 3) have demonstrated that episodic memory function is critically dependent on the hippocampus and neighboring structures of the medial temporal lobe (MTL), and functional neuroimaging experiments have shown that episodic memory encoding is associated with activations of the MTL and regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (1, 4, 5).During encoding, both MTL and PFC regions show stronger activity for items that are later recalled compared with items that are forgotten [difference because of memory (DM)] (for reviews see refs. 6 and 7). It had long been hypothesized that coactivation of PFC and MTL structures might indicate that both regions cooperate during encoding and that activated PFC regions might be anatomically connected to MTL structures by white matter tracts (8). Via these fiber tracts, PFC regions might exert top-down control on MTL structures (9, 10) that act as gateways to the hippocampus, most notably the entrorhinal and perirhinal cortices (ERC and PRC, respectively, jointly referred to as the rhinal cortex) (7).Although intriguing, the possibility of a direct anatomically based functional interaction between PFC regions and the ERC and PRC during successful encoding is not without doubt. Activity patterns that reflect successful encoding in functional MRI (fMRI) studies are most frequently observed in the ventrolateral and dorsolateral PFC (VLPFC and DLPFC, respectively) (6, 7). However, studies in nonhuman primates suggest that the strongest PFC projections to the ERC and PRC arise in the orbitofrontal cortex (11-13). In contrast, structural connectivity between DLPFC/VLPFC and the MTL is light (10-13). Therefore, the question whether prefrontal areas that show encoding-related activity patterns are connected with the ERC and PRC is particularly relevant in humans.Diffusion tensor im...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Fiber density between rhinal cortex and activated ventrolateral prefrontal regions predicts episodic memory performance in humans

Schott

Niklas²,

Kaufmann³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A conjunction analysis revealed significant overlap in activity between semantic processing in the initial study phase and semantic foil encoding during the first memory retrieval test in the LIFG; however, this overlap in activation was not observed for the nonsemantic condition. The LIFG has previously been associated with semantic processing and semantic encoding strategies across many studies (Fletcher et al, 2003;Kim, 2011;Poldrack et al, 1999;Wagner et al, 1998). Together with the behavioral result that semantic foils were recognized more accurately than non-semantic foils on the final surprise foil recognition test, these neuroimaging data support the hypothesis that directing retrieval towards new semantic versus non-semantic information leads to the recruitment of distinct neural mechanisms that are predictive of subsequent memory (Vogelsang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Alpha oscillations during incidental encoding predict subsequent memory for new “foil” information

Vogelsang

Gruber

Bergström

et al. 2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

People can employ adaptive strategies to increase the likelihood that previously encoded information will be successfully retrieved. One such strategy is to constrain retrieval towards relevant information by re-implementing the neurocognitive processes that were engaged during encoding. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we examined the temporal dynamics with which constraining retrieval towards semantic versus non-semantic information affects the processing of new "foil" information encountered during a memory test. Time-frequency analysis of EEG data acquired during an initial study phase revealed that semantic compared to non-semantic processing was associated with alpha decreases in a left frontal electrode cluster from around 600ms after stimulus onset. Successful encoding of semantic versus nonsemantic foils during a subsequent memory test was related to decreases in alpha oscillatory activity in the same left frontal electrode cluster, which emerged relatively late in the trial at around 1000-1600ms after stimulus onset. Across subjects, left frontal alpha power elicited by semantic processing during the study phase correlated significantly with left frontal alpha power associated with semantic foil encoding during the memory test. Furthermore, larger left frontal alpha power decreases elicited by semantic foil encoding during the memory test predicted better subsequent semantic foil recognition in an additional surprise foil memory test. These findings indicate that constraining retrieval towards semantic information involves re-implementing semantic encoding operations that are mediated by alpha oscillations, and that such re-implementation occurs at a late stage of memory retrieval perhaps reflecting additional monitoring processes.

show abstract

“…By demonstrating that different brain regions give rise to subsequent memory as a function of the manner in which material is originally processed, the present study contributes to a small number of empirical demonstrations suggesting a neural basis for the phenomenon of encoding specificity (Otten and Rugg, 2001a,b;Otten et al, 2002;Fletcher et al, 2003). For example, Otten et al, (2002) demonstrated that activity in distinct brain regions correlated with subsequent memory as a function of whether words were encoded as part of an animacy (does the word refer to the property of a living entity) or syllable-counting (odd or even number of syllables) task.…”

Section: Implications For Memorymentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Rather, Tulving and Thomson (1973) pointed out that varying encoding contexts could establish fundamentally different mnemonic representations, for which a correspondingly different constellation of test cues would be needed for successful retrieval. Recent neuroimaging investigations of encoding specificity (Otten and Rugg, 2001a;Otten et al, 2002;Fletcher et al, 2003) have sought to make a parallel point regarding the neural basis of memory: successful encoding should not depend on the strength of processing in a fixed set of brain regions, but rather the processing demands of the encoding context should critically determine which brain regions will be functionally significant for successful subsequent memory. The present study provides evidence for such a neural dissociation.…”

Section: Implications For Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principle of encoding specificity states that the manner in which information is initially encoded dictates the kinds of memory traces subsequently available. Although previous neuroimaging studies have demonstrated both (1) that processing different materials (e.g., faces, words) may engage different brain regions (Brewer et al, 1998;Kelley et al, 1998;Wagner et al, 1998) and (2) that different orienting tasks (e.g., semantic vs phonological encoding) are associated with activations in distinct brain regions (Fiez, 1997;Poldrack et al, 1999), strong evidence for the neural basis of the encoding specificity principle also requires that activation in distinct brain regions should correlate with subsequent memory success as a function of orienting task (Otten and Rugg, 2001a,b;Otten et al, 2002;Fletcher et al, 2003). Although a full test of the encoding specificity principle requires manipulation of both encoding and retrieval tasks, in the current study, we exploit differences between social and nonsocial orienting tasks to demonstrate encoding-specific differences in the neural correlates of successful remembering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Encoding-Specific Effects of Social Cognition on the Neural Correlates of Subsequent Memory

Mitchell

Macrae²,

Banaji³

2004

J. Neurosci.

225

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To examine whether social cognition recruits distinct mental operations, we measured brain activity during social ("form an impression of this person") and relatively nonsocial ("remember the order in which person information is presented") orienting tasks. Extending previous research on the neural basis of social cognition, the impression formation task differentially engaged an extensive region of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (PFC). In contrast, the nonsocial sequencing task differentially engaged the superior frontal and parietal gyri, precentral gyrus, and the caudate. In addition, we compared encoding activations for subsequently remembered (i.e., hits) to subsequently forgotten (i.e., misses) items. The brain regions in which the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal distinguished subsequent hits from subsequent misses depended on which orienting task was performed at encoding: subsequent memory was correlated with encoding activity only in the medial PFC for impression formation trials but in the right hippocampus for sequencing trials. These data inform two interrelated cognitive issues. First, results underscore the neuroanatomical distinctiveness of social cognition and suggest that previous psychological theories may have neglected important functional differences in how the human brain instantiates social and nonsocial cognitive processes. Second, by demonstrating that activity in different brain regions correlates with subsequent memory as a function of the orienting task performed at encoding, these data provide evidence of the neural basis for encoding specificity, the principle that memory is critically determined by the cognitive process engaged by the initial study episode.

show abstract

Regional Brain Activations Predicting Subsequent Memory Success: An Event-Related Fmri Study of the Influence of Encoding Tasks

Cited by 87 publications

References 49 publications

Fiber density between rhinal cortex and activated ventrolateral prefrontal regions predicts episodic memory performance in humans

Fiber density between rhinal cortex and activated ventrolateral prefrontal regions predicts episodic memory performance in humans

Alpha oscillations during incidental encoding predict subsequent memory for new “foil” information

Encoding-Specific Effects of Social Cognition on the Neural Correlates of Subsequent Memory

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About