Regional Cerebral Metabolic Alterations in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

Friedland, Robert P.; Budinger, Thomas F.; Ganz, Edward; Yano, Y.; Mathis, Chester A.; Koss, B; Ober, Beth A.; Huesman, R.H.; Derenzo, S.E.

doi:10.1097/00004728-198308000-00003

Cited by 450 publications

(158 citation statements)

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“…Alzheimer's patients demonstrate reduced regional glucose metabolism in the posterior cingulate cortex and parieto-temporal lobe in the early stages spreading to the prefrontal cortex with disease progression [95][96][97]. This research correlates with fractal studies on Alzheimer's patients demonstrating reduced fractal structures in the brain including regions of the temporal lobe [42] and suggests a possible link between glucose metabolism, fractal dimension and pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease.…”

Section: Alzheimer'ssupporting

confidence: 76%

Fractal Structure and Entropy Production within the Central Nervous System

Seely

Newman

Herry

2014

Entropy

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Abstract:Our goal is to explore the relationship between two traditionally unrelated concepts, fractal structure and entropy production, evaluating both within the central nervous system (CNS). Fractals are temporal or spatial structures with self-similarity across scales of measurement; whereas entropy production represents the necessary exportation of entropy to our environment that comes with metabolism and life. Fractals may be measured by their fractal dimension; and human entropy production may be estimated by oxygen and glucose metabolism. In this paper, we observe fractal structures ubiquitously present in the CNS, and explore a hypothetical and unexplored link between fractal structure and entropy production, as measured by oxygen and glucose metabolism. Rapid increase in both fractal structures and metabolism occur with childhood and adolescent growth, followed by slow decrease during aging. Concomitant increases and decreases in fractal structure and metabolism occur with cancer vs. Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis, respectively. In addition to fractals being related to entropy production, we hypothesize that the emergence of fractal structures spontaneously occurs because a fractal is more efficient at dissipating energy gradients, thus maximizing entropy production. Experimental evaluation and further understanding of limitations and necessary conditions are indicated to address broad scientific and clinical implications of this work.

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Section: Alzheimer'ssupporting

confidence: 76%

Fractal Structure and Entropy Production within the Central Nervous System

Seely

Newman

Herry

2014

Entropy

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“…This discrepancy may be due to differences in patient severity of cognitive dysfunction. It is possible that our Alzheimer sub jects were relatively more demented than patients used by Friedland et al (1983). That study included six mildly impaired and four moderately-to-se verely impaired patients, whereas our group con sisted of two mildly impaired and five moderately severe Alzheimer patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Abnormal Temporal Lobe Response in Alzheimer's Disease during Cognitive Processing as Measured by ¹¹C-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose and PET

Miller

Leon

Ferris

et al. 1987

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Elderly controls and probable Alzheimer's disease patients underwent serial positron emission tomography (PET) studies during a baseline condition and while performing a verbal memory task. for the temporal lobes, all 7 Alzheimer patients demonstrated a relative shift in glucose metabolic rates to the right hemisphere during the memory condition relative to baseline, and 5 of 7 controls showed a shift to the left hemisphere. Baseline absolute regional metabolic rates replicate previous findings and were somewhat less useful than the memory challenge in differentiating patients from controls. These results indicate that a temporal lobe abnormality in Alzheimer's disease is related to memory performance.

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“…Studies utilizing [ 18 F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) have shown that patients with AD have significantly reduced temporoparietal metabolism compared to healthy controls [1,15]. Also, studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have found a significant reduction in the structural integrity of the white matter tracts in the splenium of AD patients [30,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regionally specific atrophy of the corpus callosum in AD, MCI and cognitive complaints

Wang

Saykin

Flashman

et al. 2006

Neurobiology of Aging

103

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The goal of the present study was to determine if there are global or regionally specific decreases in callosal area in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In addition, this study examined the corpus callosum of healthy older adults who have subjective cognitive complaints (CC) but perform within normal limits on neuropsychological tests. We used a semi-automated procedure to examine the total and regional areas of the corpus callosum in 22 patients with early AD, 28 patients with amnestic MCI, 28 healthy older adults with cognitive complaints, and 50 demographically matched healthy controls (HC). The AD, MCI, and CC groups all showed a significant reduction of the posterior region (isthmus and splenium) relative to healthy controls. The AD group also had a significantly smaller overall callosum than the controls. The demonstration of callosal atrophy in older adults with cognitive complaints suggests that callosal changes occur very early in the dementing process, and that these earliest changes may be too subtle for detection by neuropsychological assessments, including memory tests.

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Regional Cerebral Metabolic Alterations in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

Cited by 450 publications

References 0 publications

Fractal Structure and Entropy Production within the Central Nervous System

Fractal Structure and Entropy Production within the Central Nervous System

Abnormal Temporal Lobe Response in Alzheimer's Disease during Cognitive Processing as Measured by ¹¹C-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose and PET

Regionally specific atrophy of the corpus callosum in AD, MCI and cognitive complaints

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Regional Cerebral Metabolic Alterations in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

Cited by 450 publications

References 0 publications

Fractal Structure and Entropy Production within the Central Nervous System

Fractal Structure and Entropy Production within the Central Nervous System

Abnormal Temporal Lobe Response in Alzheimer's Disease during Cognitive Processing as Measured by 11C-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose and PET

Regionally specific atrophy of the corpus callosum in AD, MCI and cognitive complaints

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Abnormal Temporal Lobe Response in Alzheimer's Disease during Cognitive Processing as Measured by ¹¹C-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose and PET