Regional Climates

Bissolli, Peter; Ganter, Catherine; Li, Tim; Mekonnen, Ademe; Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira; Alfaro, Eric J.; Alves, Lincoln M.; Amador, Jorge A.; Andrade, Bianca Ott; Argeñalso, Francisco; Asgarzadeh, P.; Baez, Julián; Barakiza, Reuben; Bardin, M. Yu.; Bochníček, Oliver; Bukunt, Brandon; Calderón, Blanca; Campbell, Jayaka D.; Chandler, E. F.; Chang’a, Ladislaus Benedict; Cheng, Vincent Y. S.; Clarke, Leonardo A.; Correa, Kris; Cortés, Catalina; Costa, Felipe; Cunha, Ana Paula; Demircan, Mesut; Dhurmea, K. R.; Diawara, Alima; Diouf, Sarah; Dulamsuren, Dashkhuu; ElKharrim, M.; Espinoza, Jhan Carlo; Fazl-Kazem, Amin; Fenimore, Chris; Fuhrman, Steven; Gleason, Karin; Guard, Charles “Chip” P.; Hagos, Samson; Hanafusa, Mizuki; Hasannezhad, H. R.; Heim, Richard R.; Hidalgo, H. G.; Ijampy, J. A.; Im, Gyo Soon; Joseph, Annie C.; Jumaux, Guillaume; Kabidi, Khadija; Kamsu-Tamo, Pierre Honore; Kennedy, John J.; Khan, Valentina; Khiem, Mai Van; King’uza, Philemon; Korshunova, Natalia N.; Kruger, Andries; Lam, Hoang Phuc; Lander, Mark A.; Lavado‐Casimiro, Waldo; Lee, Tsz‐Cheung; Leung, Kinson H. Y.; Macara, Gregor; Mamen, Jostein; Marengo, José A.; McBride, Charlotte; Misevicius, Noelia; Moise, Aurel; Molina‐Carpio, Jorge; Mora, Natali; Mostafa, Awatif E.; Mtongori, Habiba Ismail; Mutai, Charles; Ndiaye, Ousmane; Nieto, Juan J.; Nyembo, Latifa O.; Nying’uro, Patricia; Pan, Xuelian; Ramírez, Reynaldo Pascual; Phillips, David W.; Pugh, Brad; Rajeevan, M.; Rakotonirina, M. L.; Ramos, Andrea M.; Robjhon, Miliaritiana L.; Rodriguez, C.M. Welsh; Rodriguez, Guisado; Ronchail, Josyane; Rösner, Benjamin; Salinas, Roberto Garfias; Sato, Hirotaka; Sato, Hitoshi; Sayouri, Amal; Sebaziga, Joseph Ndakize; Şensoy, Serhat; Spillane, Sandra; Trachte, Katja; Schrier, Gerard van der; Sima, Fatou; Smith, Adam B.; Spence, Jacqueline; Sreejith, O. P.; Srivastava, Arvind K.; Stella, José Luis; Stephenson, Kimberly; Stephenson, Tannecia S.; Supari, S.; Tajbakhsh-Mosalman, Sahar; Tamar, Gerard; Taylor, Michael A.; Teshome, Asaminew; Thiaw, Wassila M.; Tobin, Skie; Trotman, Adrian; Meerbeeck, Cédric J. Van; Vazifeh, A.; Wakamatsu, Shunya; Wei, Wang; Xin, Fei; Zeng, F. J.; Zhang, Peiqun; Zhu, Zhanyuan

doi:10.1175/2021bamsstateoftheclimate_chapter7.1

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…With an air temperature departure from the 1981-2010 climatological standard normal of 0.8 C and a series of heatwaves, 2020 was the second warmest year in central South America after 1960 (Bissolli et al, 2021;World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 2021). According to projections, the intensity and frequency of hot extremes on the continent will continue to increase as a result of global warming (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-IPCC, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal dynamics of the urban heat island effect in a small Brazilian city

Ribeiro

Pinton

Cardoso

et al. 2023

Geographical Research

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This study examined the spatial and temporal patterns of the canopy layer urban heat islands (UHIUCL) in a small city in southeastern Brazil using the local climate zone (LCZ) system. We analysed the influence of weather conditions, LCZs characteristics, and local surface relief on the UHIUCL magnitudes. Mobile traverses were used to measure air temperatures during representative nights of wet and dry seasons. Daily maximum magnitudes were observed in compact classes (LCZs 3 and 7) under ideal weather conditions (dry, clear skies, and calm) and higher anthropogenic heat release (weekdays). Seasonal effects on LCZ thermal differences were negligible. The peripheral landscapes were warmer than the city centre in both seasons. Among the warmer areas in the city, magnitudes in compact LCZs 3 and 7 were consistently higher than in LCZ 6. In general, representative sites of the main ‘built’ LCZs in the study area exhibit similar inter‐zone temperature patterns to those reported for cities of different sizes from tropical and midlatitude regions. Thermal contrasts of ΔTLCZ 3 − D in the study area reveal significant evidence that small cities can have as strong heat islands as bigger cities. These findings highlight the importance of the LCZ system to identify the main controlling factors driving such thermal differences and the need to extend the application of this approach in other South American cities to yield systematic data of UHIUCL for urban planning given the coming challenges of climate change over the region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal dynamics of the urban heat island effect in a small Brazilian city

Ribeiro

Pinton

Cardoso

et al. 2023

Geographical Research

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Probability of induced extreme precipitation events in Central America due to tropical cyclone positions in the surrounding oceans

et al. 2022

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The preparedness of national and local authorities for extreme hydrometeorological events could alleviate the impacts in many socioeconomical sectors. A statistical tool for the prediction or assessment of extreme precipitation probabilities caused by the presence of Tropical Cyclones (TCs) in the surrounding oceans of Central America is presented. The model is based in fitting precipitation probability distributions associated with the location of the TCs. The probabilities of medium, high, and very high levels of extreme rain and associated with the observed precipitation of the 60, 75 and 90 percentiles, are displayed in a map which can be used (with other tools) to issue alerts by emergency and response Springer Nature 2021 L A T E X template 2 Article Title authorities. Impacts related to TCs can be classified in direct or indirect. In the case when the TCs are located in the Caribbean/Atlantic basin, there is a critical configuration near the Gulf of Honduras that drives both high probabilities of direct (in the northern countries) and indirect (in the southern countries) extreme precipitation. In the Eastern Tropical Pacific TC locations, probabilities of indirect impacts are usually lower than for the Caribbean/Atlantic. This is related to the usual trajectories in this former basin, that move away from the continent. Both, in Caribbean/Atlantic and Eastern Tropical Pacific's TCs, the probabilities of indirect effects usually are higher in the Pacific slope of the isthmus than in the Caribbean. Here we present one tool that can be used with others analyses by emergency officials to determine the locations where alerts of extreme weather must be issued to prevent human life's lost.

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Quantifying anomalies of air pollutants in 9 U.S. cities during 2020 due to COVID-19 lockdowns and wildfires based on decadal trends

et al. 2023

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The COVID-19 pandemic led many state and local governments in the United States to enact lockdowns to control the spread of the virus. These actions led to lower on-road emissions as a significant portion of the workforce began working from home. Here, we examine the concentrations of primary pollutants, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), a secondary pollutant, ozone (O3), and one that is both a primary and secondary pollutant, particulate matter (PM2.5), from 9 U.S. cities in 2020 using data reported to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to determine how they changed during the pandemic. We used a multiple linear regression model fitted to historical data to account for meteorology and found concentrations of NO2, O3, and CO generally decreased in the 9 cities in late March and early April, consistent with previous literature and a fuel-based emissions inventory. We further found the decadal trends of the 4 pollutants were decreased in the summer months for most of the cities studied. An analysis of weekend decreases in NO2 was consistent with previous studies; however, the weekend increases in O3 were typically dominated by reduced NOx titration. We further detect anomalous increases in NO2, CO, O3, and PM2.5 in western U.S. cities in the late summer, which we attribute to wildfire emissions. Finally, we examined diel profiles to determine when changes due to COVID-19 lockdowns and late-summer wildfires were most apparent during the day.

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Regional Climates

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Spatial and temporal dynamics of the urban heat island effect in a small Brazilian city

Spatial and temporal dynamics of the urban heat island effect in a small Brazilian city

Probability of induced extreme precipitation events in Central America due to tropical cyclone positions in the surrounding oceans

Quantifying anomalies of air pollutants in 9 U.S. cities during 2020 due to COVID-19 lockdowns and wildfires based on decadal trends

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