Regional differences in the severity of Lewy body pathology across the olfactory cortex

Silveira‐Moriyama, Laura; Holton, Janice L.; Kingsbury, Ann; Ayling, H; Petrie, Aviva; Sterlacci, William; Poewe, Werner; Maier, Hans; Lees, Andrew J.; Révész, Tamás

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.02.006

Cited by 116 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…1,2 Postmortem studies have demonstrated that the olfactory bulb is one of the earliest affected sites in PD pathology. 3,4 In addition, studies have demonstrated that the amygdala and olfactory cortices are preferentially affected in PD, [5][6][7] and reduced activities in these regions during olfactory perception have been demonstrated in PD patients with hyposmia. [8][9][10] Therefore, it is plausible that dysfunction of the olfactory-related cortices may be responsible for hyposmia in PD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of olfactory dysfunction and brain. Metabolism in Parkinson's disease

et al. 2011

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Hyposmia is one of the cardinal early symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD). Accumulating clinical and pathological evidence suggests that dysfunction of the olfactory-related cortices may be responsible for the impaired olfactory processing observed in PD; however, there are no clear data showing a direct association between altered brain metabolism and hyposmia in PD. In this study, we evaluated brain glucose metabolism and smell-identification ability in 69 Japanese patients with nondemented PD. Olfactory function was assessed using the Odor Stick Identification Test for Japanese. The regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose consumption at rest was measured using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and was analyzed using SPM-based group comparisons and the brain-behavior partial least-squares method. We found that olfactory dysfunction was closely related to cognitive dysfunction, including memory impairment. Moreover, brain-behavior partial least-squares analysis revealed that odor-identification performance was closely associated with broad cortical dysfunction, including dysfunction of the piriform cortex and amygdala. Our results suggest that the cognitive deficit in olfactory perception is an important aspect of hyposmia in PD and that this deficit is caused by altered brain metabolism in the amygdala and piriform cortex.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of olfactory dysfunction and brain. Metabolism in Parkinson's disease

et al. 2011

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“…Although olfactory dysfunction was one of the most common premotor symptoms in PD, range 45–96.7% [5,6,7,8], the underlying mechanism still remains unknown. Lewy body pathology in brain areas related to olfaction implicates that olfactory system may be an ‘induction’ site of Lewy pathology [3,9,10,11,12,13], and, therefore, the change of olfaction-related structures might exist in the premotor phase of PD. Changes in olfaction-related structures in PD were confirmed by pathological [11,12] and neuroimaging studies [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Progressive Changes in Piriform Cortex and Olfactory Performance in Early Parkinson’s Disease

Wu¹,

Chen²,

Fan³

et al. 2011

Eur Neurol

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Objectives: The mechanism underlying olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unknown. The current study aims to investigate the relationship between sequential changes of volume change of cortex associated with olfactory function and degree of deficiency of olfactory performance in PD. Methods: Based on the arbitrary cut-off score of olfactory performance measured by ‘five odors olfactory detection arrays’, subjects were classified into three groups: PD patients with olfactory impairment (OPD, n = 12), PD without olfactory impairment (NPD, n = 14), and healthy controls without olfactory impairment (NC, n = 26). A morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance images (voxel-based morphometry; VBM) was used to investigate cortical volume change. Results: The scores of olfactory performance were higher in both NPD and OPD groups than in the NC group independent of age and disease duration, indicating that NPD subjects did have board line deficiency of olfaction though not meet the cut-off score for abnormal olfactory function. Both NPD and OPD had cortical atrophy in the parahippocampal gyrus (PCG), but only OPD also had change in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Correlation analysis revealed that decrement of volumes of PCG and right OFC was associated with decreased olfactory detection sensitivity, and the right OFC was also correlated to olfactory identification. However, no correlation was found between structural changes and the severity of the disease measured by UPDRS score. Conclusions: The results confirmed that atrophy in piriform cortex and orbitofrontal cortex is associated with olfactory dysfunction in early PD. Atrophy of the orbitofrontal cortex becomes significant as olfactory damage progresses. Volume measurement of olfaction-associated areas together with the assessment of olfactory function may be a sensitive indicator for the early diagnosis of PD.

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“…A prevalent symptom at early stages of PD is olfactory impairment (Ansari and Johnson, 1975). Results from postmortem studies revealed pathological changes (Lewy body formation) in the olfactory bulb (Huisman et al, 2008) but also in other brain regions related to olfaction, such as the anterior olfactory nucleus (Pearce et al, 1995), the piriform cortex (Braak et al, 2003;Silveira-Moriyama et al, 2009), the amygdaloid complex (Harding et al, 2002;Braak et al, 2003), the entorhinal cortex, and the hippocampal formation (Braak et al, 2003). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging in PD patients, our previous findings indicated altered neuronal activity in the amygdaloid complex and hippocampal formation during olfactory stimulation (Westermann et al, 2008;Welge-Lüssen et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Impairment Predicts Brain Atrophy in Parkinson's Disease: Figure 1.

Wattendorf¹,

Welge‐Lüssen²,

Fiedler³

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

141

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Olfactory dysfunction is a frequent nonmotor symptom in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and may be considered as an early clinical feature of the disease preceding motor symptoms by years. According to recent neuropathological staging concepts, impaired olfaction is assumed to indicate an early pathological process and might be associated with structural changes in the brain. A morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance images [voxel-based morphometry (VBM)] was used to investigate gray matter atrophy related to psychophysically measured scores of olfactory function in early PD patients (n ϭ 15, median Hoehn and Yahr stage 1.5), moderately advanced PD patients (n ϭ 12, median Hoehn and Yahr stage 2.5), and age-matched healthy controls (n ϭ 17). In PD patients, but not in controls, cortical atrophy in olfactory-related brain regions correlated specifically with olfactory dysfunction. Positive correlations between olfactory performance and gray matter volume were observed in the right piriform cortex in early PD patients and in the right amygdala in moderately advanced patients. The results provided first evidence that olfactory dysfunction in PD is related to atrophy in olfactory-eloquent regions of the limbic and paralimbic cortex. In addition, olfactory-correlated atrophy in these brain regions is consistent with the assumption that olfactory impairment as an early symptom of PD is likely to be associated with extranigral pathology.

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Regional differences in the severity of Lewy body pathology across the olfactory cortex

Cited by 116 publications

References 40 publications

Association of olfactory dysfunction and brain. Metabolism in Parkinson's disease

Association of olfactory dysfunction and brain. Metabolism in Parkinson's disease

Correlation between Progressive Changes in Piriform Cortex and Olfactory Performance in Early Parkinson’s Disease

Olfactory Impairment Predicts Brain Atrophy in Parkinson's Disease: Figure 1.

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