Regional Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Proves the Role of Constant Electric Potential in Enhancing Bone Healing

Nanosecond pulsed electric field induced proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and myoblasts

“…Refs. [4] and [5] show that electrical stimulation can enhance osteoblast differentiation by altering the transmembrane potential, which subsequently influences growth and differentiation. Since nsPEFs target the plasma membrane, intracellular organelle membranes, intracellular calcium stores and the cytoskeleton [27], it is likely that a similar release of stored intracellular ions and the inhibition or activation of other signalling pathways stimulated population growth and differentiation.…”

“…For example, the slow proliferation of myoblasts and osteoblasts until differentiation significantly hinders clinical applications for muscular and bone regeneration [2,3]. Inducing differentiation may benefit certain applications, such as bone healing and regeneration [3][4][5]. This has motivated multiple physical methods, including mechanical and electrical stimulation [6], and chemical methods, such as substrate and materials design [7], to control and direct stem cell differentiation and proliferation.…”

“…This has motivated multiple physical methods, including mechanical and electrical stimulation [6], and chemical methods, such as substrate and materials design [7], to control and direct stem cell differentiation and proliferation. Electric fields are increasingly used as an alternative to drugs or gene therapy for treatment and regeneration due to their ease of use and ability to induce desirable phenomena [4,5]. Electric fields can control differentiation by modifying the membrane potential [8,9], which impact voltage-gated channels [10] and the influx of ions to determine the differentiation of embryonic stem cells [11].…”

3D printable SiO2 nanoparticle ink for patient specific bone regeneration

“…The isolated and cultured umbilical cord-derived MSCs successfully differentiated into trilineage differentiation as described before. 23,24 They were cultured in T75 asks (Corning, India) using DMEM (Dulbecco's modied Eagle's medium, Sigma-Aldrich, India) supplemented with 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum, Sigma-Aldrich, India), 1% L-glutamine and 1% antibiotic-antimycotic solution (penicillin-streptomycin, Invitrogen, Thermo Fischer, India) and maintained at 37 C with the supply of 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity in a CO 2 incubator (Thermo Scientic Forma series-3131, India). The nutrient medium was changed for every 48 h. Adherent cells were trypsinized (0.25% trypsin-EDTA, Sigma-Aldrich, India) aer reaching 70-80% conuency and sub cultured until passage 5.…”

“…The medium was changed for every 24 hours during the complete study. 23 2.3.1 Alamar blue and live/dead cell assay. The scaffolds were sterilized overnight in a laminar air ow chamber using 70% ethanol followed by UV sterilization for an hour.…”