Regional distribution and concentration of pancreatic polypeptide in the human and canine pancreas

Gersell, D. J.; Gingerich, Ronald L.; Greider, Marie H.

doi:10.2337/diabetes.28.1.11

Cited by 102 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…The amount of PP was high in the uncinate process and the head of the pancreas, and low in the body and tail; these findings were consistent with the results of Gingerich et al (1978) and Gersell et al (1979). Orci et al (1976) found morphologically, by the immunofluorescence tech¬ nique, that PP-containing cells were abundant in the head and scarce in the body and tail of the rat pancreas and that on the other hand, glucagoncontaining cells were abundant in the body and tail of the pancreas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Plasma responses of pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and insulin in normal and alloxan diabetic dogs, and their regional levels in the pancreas

Tasaka¹,

Inoue

Marumo

et al. 1984

Acta Endocrinologica

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The plasma responses of pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon (IRG) and insulin (IRI) after administration of beef soup were studied in normal and alloxan diabetic dogs kept in a poor metabolic state for 4 weeks, and their regional levels in the pancreas were determined and compared at the uncinate process, head, body and tail. The plasma PP levels of the diabetic dogs were significantly higher than those of the normal dogs and they increased after beef soup administration in both groups. The plasma IRG levels did not change significantly after beef soup administration in either group, but significantly high levels were found in the diabetic dogs. The IRI content in the normal dog pancreas was highest at the tail, followed in order by the body, head and uncinate process, and was decreased to about one-tenth to one-fortieth in the alloxan diabetic dogs. On the other hand, the amounts of PP in the pancreas of both normal and diabetic dogs were greatest at the uncinate process, followed in order by the head, body and tail. In an inverse relationship with the PP findings, the IRG content in the pancreas was highest at the tail and lowest at the uncinate process in both kinds of dogs. The differences in both PP and IRG between diabetic and normal dogs were generally not significant. These results show that irrespective of the high plasma levels of PP and IRG in the diabetic dogs, their levels in the pancreas did not change significantly.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Plasma responses of pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and insulin in normal and alloxan diabetic dogs, and their regional levels in the pancreas

Tasaka¹,

Inoue

Marumo

et al. 1984

Acta Endocrinologica

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“…In 12-LO-donors, PPϩ cells, if present, invariably exhibited staining intensity comparable to those from uncinate, and were fewer in number. This is consistent with the well-established patterns of differentiated PP cells in human islets (21,25).…”

Section: Analysis Of Cell Type(s) Expressing 12-losupporting

confidence: 91%

“…To further explore the nature of PP cells in 12-LOϩ islets, islets from the uncinate region of pancreas that are predominantly composed of typical PP cells (21,25) were analyzed for the expression of 12-LO and intensity of PP expression. Interestingly, the prototypical, fully differentiated PP positive cells from the uncinate region were negative for 12-LO, regardless of the diabetic status of donors ( Figures 4D).…”

Section: Analysis Of Cell Type(s) Expressing 12-lomentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Pattern of 12-Lipoxygenase in Human Islets With Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

Grzesik¹,

Nadler²,

Machida³

et al. 2015

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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“…The differences in regional distribution of pancreatic hormones have been attributed to the embryological origin of the pancreas (24). The mammalian pancreas is formed from the fusion of two primordia: the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradoxical Reduction in Pancreatic Glucagon with Normalization of Somatostatin and Decrease in Insulin in Normoglycemic Alloxan-Diabetic Dogs: A Putative Mechanism of Glucagon Irresponsiveness to Hypoglycemia*

Rastogi

Lickley²,

Jokay³

et al. 1990

Endocrinology

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In alloxan-diabetic (A-D) dogs, plasma glucagon does not increase when glycemia is decreased by insulin. Therefore, as in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), increased glucose utilization is not matched by an increase in hepatic production. To explore further the abnormal effects of insulin on regulation of pancreatic glucagon, we studied content and morphology of pancreatic hormones in six normal (N) dogs, five hyperglycemic A-D (HD) dogs, and in four A-D dogs where normoglycemia was maintained by insulin (ND). Morphometric measurement of islets and of immunocytochemically localized A cells (glucagon) were performed by an image analysis system. In normal pancreas, islets of tail and body were bigger in size (tail = 4850 +/- 376 microns 2, body = 3256 +/- 198 microns 2), than the head (2009 +/- 207 microns 2). Glucagon content was 331 +/- 50 micrograms with a mean concentration of 8.5 +/- 0.9 micrograms/g in N dogs, and did not change in HD dogs (422 +/- 34 micrograms, 9.3 +/- 0.4 micrograms/g). With normoglycemia, glucagon content decreased by 5-fold (p less than 0.001). Morphometry indicated that, although A cell area per islet increased (2.7-fold), islet number decreased (70%), explaining the unchanged glucagon content in HD dogs. This decrease in islet number can also justify the dramatic glucagon decrease in ND dogs. Despite the 70% decrease in islet numbers in HD dogs, pancreatic somatostatin increased 3-fold (9.93 +/- 3.3 to 30.6 +/- 7.2 micrograms), indicating that its islet content was augmented 10-fold. Somatostatin content returned to normal with normoglycemia. Pancreatic insulin content in HD dogs was negligible (55 +/- 23 micrograms) when compared with that in N dogs (5500 micrograms) and it did not increase with normoglycemia. The distinct but markedly diminished insulin and proinsulin peaks in HD dogs nearly disappeared in ND dogs. Thus, in alloxan-diabetic HD dogs, 70% of islets are destroyed. A marked increase in glucagon in residual islets can explain the unchanged islet size despite the absence of B cells; however, the percent increase of somatostatin is larger than that of glucagon. Normoglycemia 1) normalizes somatostatin content, 2) further diminishes insulin and proinsulin synthesis presumably due to lack of hyperglycemic stimulus, and 3) paradoxically decreases pancreatic glucagon content 5-fold below its normal level. We hypothesize that with normalization of plasma insulin, glucagon content in each islet normalizes, but because of destruction of most islets, pancreatic glucagon content becomes extremely low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Regional distribution and concentration of pancreatic polypeptide in the human and canine pancreas

Cited by 102 publications

References 0 publications

Plasma responses of pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and insulin in normal and alloxan diabetic dogs, and their regional levels in the pancreas

Plasma responses of pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and insulin in normal and alloxan diabetic dogs, and their regional levels in the pancreas

Expression Pattern of 12-Lipoxygenase in Human Islets With Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

Paradoxical Reduction in Pancreatic Glucagon with Normalization of Somatostatin and Decrease in Insulin in Normoglycemic Alloxan-Diabetic Dogs: A Putative Mechanism of Glucagon Irresponsiveness to Hypoglycemia*

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