This research is motivated by the catch and the fishermen family welfare in West Sumatra Province is not yet optimal, so this study aims to analyze the factors that affect them. Furthermore, the novelty of this research is to carry out an elaboration of studies on fishermen households by focusing on the analysis of catches and the fishermen family welfare being investigated within a simultaneous equation framework. The population in this study were fishing households in West Sumatra Province which had 498 fishing gears. The sampling in this study used the cluster method, which a total sample of 373 respondents. The important finding in this study is the catch will increase if it is driven by the fishermen family welfare, the type of catch, fishermen productivity and fishermen socio-cultural environment. Furthermore, the fishermen family welfare will improve if it is driven by catch, fishermen socio-cultural environment, selling price of fish and fishermen family happiness. The recommendation from this study is that the government needs to facilitate increasing catches and fishermen family welfare through fishermen insurance programs, institutions, funding and business diversification training based on the bottom up concept so that fishermen have access and stronger bargaining power.