Regional Inhaled Deposited Dose of Indoor Combustion-Generated Aerosols in Jordanian Urban Homes

Abstract

Indoor combustion processes associated with cooking, heating, and smoking are a major source of aerosols in Jordanian dwellings. To evaluate human exposure to combustion-generated aerosols in Jordanian indoor environments, regional inhaled deposited dose rates of indoor aerosols (10 nm to 25 µm) were determined for different scenarios for adult occupants. The inhaled deposited dose rate provides an estimate of the number or mass of inhaled aerosol that deposits in each region of the respiratory system per unit time. In general, sub-micron particle number (PN1) dose rates ranged from 109 to 1012 particles/h, fine particle mass (PM2.5) dose rates ranged from 3 to 216 µg/h, and coarse particle mass (PM10) dose rates ranged from 30 to 1600 µg/h. Dose rates were found to be dependent on the type and intensity of indoor combustion processes documented in the home. Dose rates were highest during cooking activities using a natural gas stove, heating via natural gas and kerosene, and smoking (shisha/tobacco). The relative fraction of the total dose rate received in the head airways, tracheobronchial, and alveolar regions varied among the documented indoor combustion (and non-combustion) activities. The significant fraction of sub-100 nm particles produced during the indoor combustion processes resulted in high particle number dose rates for the alveolar region. Suggested approaches for reducing indoor aerosol dose rates in Jordanian dwellings include a reduction in the prevalence of indoor combustion sources, use of extraction hoods to remove combustion products, and improved ventilation/filtration in residential buildings.

Ethanol-based disinfectant sprays drive rapid changes in the chemical composition of indoor air in residential buildings

“…Much of the number dose was received in the tracheobronchial and pulmonary regions. Such sprays may present a human health risk as inhalation of sub-100 nm particles is associated with numerous adverse toxicological outcomes ( Allen et al, 2017 , Hussein et al, 2020 , Li et al, 2016 , Stone et al, 2017 ).…”

Chemistry and human exposure implications of secondary organic aerosol production from indoor terpene ozonolysis

“…The fate of inhaled SOA in the human respiratory system is strongly size dependent. Inhalation exposure to indoor SOA can be better linked to cellular response in the lungs and respiratory health outcomes through calculation of size-resolved RTDDRs ( 1 , 6 , 57 ). Dose rates combine measured particle size distributions ( Fig.…”

“…Size-resolved particle RTDDRs or inhaled deposited dose rates were analyzed to evaluate human exposure to SOA during the monoterpene mopping events. These dose rates describe the number or mass of particles that deposit in each region of the human respiratory tract (head airways, tracheobronchial region, and pulmonary region) per unit time ( 1 , 6 , 57 ). Briefly, dose rates were taken as the product of the measured number size distributions, or the estimated mass size distributions, with the inhalation rate and the size-resolved particle DF for each region of the respiratory tract.…”

Urban aerosol size distributions: a global perspective

“…As shown in Fig. S6, the burning of grass, corn straw, and rice straw produces normalized number PSDs with a significant fraction of accumulation-mode particles and CMDs of approximately 100 nm (Janhäll et al, 2010;Reid et al, 2005;Sakamoto et al, 2016). It has been observed that residential biomass burning, possibly for cooking and heating, can contribute to high particle number concentrations of accumulation-mode particles in the evening in New Delhi, India (Mönkkönen et al, 2005).…”

“…Biomass burning is an important emission source in a number of countries in EA and CSSA. The PSDs of biomass burning aerosol depend on a variety of factors, including: the type of biomass, the condition of the flame, and atmospheric aging processes (Janhäll et al, 2010;Reid and Hobbs, 1998;Rissler et al, 2006;Sakamoto et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2011). As shown in Fig.…”