Regional Interaction in the Western Amazon: The Early Colonial Encounter and the Jesuit Years: 1538-1767

Reeve, Mary-Elizabeth

doi:10.2307/3536980

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The distinctiveness of industrial goods is expressed by Urarina above all in terms of the materials from which they are fabricated, and metal is the prototypical foreign material 10 . This was almost certainly true since the first appearances of industrial goods in the region, as iron tools were always the most coveted trade items (Reeve 1993: 119). The Urarina word for metal, coetaa , is today used to refer to all forms of steel, aluminium, and even the plastic used in radios and similar items.…”

Section: Materializing the Devilmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Since the time of their earliest appearances in Urarina territory, manufactured goods have remained inextricably associated with hierarchical relations of domination. The supply of such goods was controlled first by the warlike Cocama, and subsequently by the Jesuits, who entered the Western Amazon in the seventeenth century and quickly came to dominate regional exchange (Reeve 1993). The Cocama were also used by the Jesuits to ‘pacify’ the Urarina and to assist with proselytization, and while Urarina experience with missions was fairly moderate compared to the former, the lingering presence of sublimated Christian motifs in the mythology and ritual language – including the incorporation of the Devil as a key figure – suggests a complex if largely forgotten period of missionization and accompanying syncretism.…”

Section: Extractive Economies and The Urarinamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demonic trade: debt, materiality, and agency in Amazonia

Walker

2012

Royal Anthropological Inst

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This article examines Amazonian Urarina engagements with the system of debt peonage in light of the conceptual and ontological premises of the traditional subsistence economy. It argues that to view debt as a mechanism for harnessing indigenous labour is inadequate for comprehending the wilfulness with which Urarina indebt themselves to outsiders today, which should instead be considered in terms of local theories of agency and an aversion to immediate, market‐style exchange. This relational and hierarchically distributed view of agency is further implicated in ideas surrounding industrial goods, which are ascribed to the Devil as their putative maker and owner, and who is seen as the source of their power over people in this life and the next. If this brand of commodity ‘fetishism’ expresses moral ambivalence towards capitalism, it also mediates otherwise contradictory forms of production and exchange, repudiating the possibility of total rupture between persons and things. Résumé L’auteur examine ici l’engagement des Unarina d’Amazonie dans un système de servage pour dettes, à la lumière des prémisses conceptuelles et ontologiques de l’économie de subsistance traditionnelle. Il avance que la vision de l’endettement comme d’un mécanisme visant à capturer la main‐d’œuvre indigène ne convient pas pour comprendre la bonne volonté avec laquelle les Unarina s’endettent aujourd’hui vis‐à‐vis de parfaits inconnus. Au lieu de cela, l’approche doit s’appuyer sur les théories locales de l’agent et sur l’aversion des Unarina envers les transactions non différées, de type marchand. Cette notion d’agency relationnelle, distribuée de façon hiérarchique, se retrouve dans les idées liées aux marchandises industrielles, dont le fabricant et le propriétaire supposé serait le Diable, considéré comme la source de leur pouvoir sur les gens dans cette vie et la vie future. Quoique ce mode de « fétichisme » des marchandises exprime une ambivalence morale à l’égard du capitalisme, il médie par ailleurs des formes de production et d’échange qui seraient sinon contradictoires, réfutant la possibilité d’une rupture totale entre les gens et les choses.

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Section: Materializing the Devilmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Extractive Economies and The Urarinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonic trade: debt, materiality, and agency in Amazonia

Walker

2012

Royal Anthropological Inst

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“…The salt, mined by Indian labour in the Kawapanan area, was one of the main products they exported to cities such as Moyobamba, Lamas and Quito. The need for salt as a dietary supplement in places where large game was not abundant, such as the newly established missions, as well as the status of salt as a commodity in big cities, was exploited by the Jesuits (Reeve 1994).…”

Section: Sociohistorical Scenario: the Salt Mines Of Cachiyacumentioning

confidence: 99%

The Marañón-Huallaga exchange route

Berscia

Eloranta

2019

LIAMES: Ling. Indig. Am.

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In this article we claim that stone classifier-based numeral systems in a number of unrelated North-western South American language families/languages such as Kawapanan, Cholón-Hibito, Munichi, and, tentatively, Quingnam emerged due to calquing or loan translation (Weinreich 1963; Epps 2006, 2013). In addition, although the donor language remains unknown, we argue for this to be a case of a poorly attested grammaticalisation path of numeral classifiers and numerals, namely STONE>CLASSIFIER, as presented in Conklin (1981), for languages such as Gorontalo, Kam-Muang, White Tai and Western Austronesian languages (Conklin 1981, 233, 234; mentioned by Aikhenvald 2000, 446). Moreover, ethnohistorical and historical evidence (Reeve 1994, 125) suggests that pre-Hispanic societies in the Marañón-Huallaga area shared a salt-stone-based trading system, henceforth SBT. This is remarkable, since other adjacent language families, such as Quechua and Chicham, do not show such a pattern for the formation of their own numerals. We claim, tentatively, that these common trade networks may be the sociohistorical motivation for the diffusion of this calquing pattern in the area.

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“…Sin embargo, la colonización española no tenía únicamente propósitos seculares; más bien, así como en otras regiones americanas (Lightfoot 2005), debe entenderse como un "proyecto civilizatorio" cuyo objetivo era la conversión de los indígenas a la fe Católica. La Corona Española decidió consolidar su presencia en el Orinoco tardíamente, en el siglo XVIII, principalmente mediante la acción misionera (Reeve 1994;Rey Fajardo 1971). Con el Acuerdo de la Concordia, en 1734, las tres principales órdenes religiosas se dividieron el área circundante del rio, quedando el tramo medio bajo la jurisdicción de los jesuitas (Armas Chitty 1964).…”

Section: Una Mercancía Oculta Del Im-periounclassified

Agencia Indígena Y Colonialismo: Una Arqueología De Contacto Sobre La Producción De Aceite De Tortuga en El Orinoco Medio, Venezuela (Siglos Xviii Y Xix)

Meza¹,

Ferreira²

2016

Amazônica

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Las prácticas asociadas a la explotación de la tortuga arrau (Podocnemis expansa) en el Orinoco Medio nos sirven para analizar las continuidades y transformaciones que tuvieron lugar durante los períodos colonial y republicano. Nuestra intención es entender, en el marco de la arqueología de contacto cultural, dos cuestiones principales: las formas de control colonial sobre las playas de tortugas por parte de las misiones jesuitas y posteriormente por los criollos; y, sobre todo, la agencia ejercida por los grupos indígenas en estos dos contextos. Las técnicas productivas, las relaciones sociales en los asentamientos provisorios, el consumo y lacultura material fueron esferas en las que existió un predominio indígena, demostrando que los efectos del colonialismo son siempre mediados y constituidos por las lógicas nativas.Palabras clave: Orinoco, aceite de tortugas, colonialismo, agencia.

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Regional Interaction in the Western Amazon: The Early Colonial Encounter and the Jesuit Years: 1538-1767

Cited by 43 publications

References 2 publications

Demonic trade: debt, materiality, and agency in Amazonia

Demonic trade: debt, materiality, and agency in Amazonia

The Marañón-Huallaga exchange route

Agencia Indígena Y Colonialismo: Una Arqueología De Contacto Sobre La Producción De Aceite De Tortuga en El Orinoco Medio, Venezuela (Siglos Xviii Y Xix)

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