Regional Peripheral Resistance in Experimental Hypertension

Dahners, H. W.; Breull, W.; Kikis, D; Redel, D. A.; Schotte, J.; Stoepel, K.; Flohr, H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65327-8_72

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In the spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rat neither the cardiac output (Iriuchijima, 1973;Pfeffer & Frohlich, 1973) nor its distribution (Tobia et al, 1974;Nishiyama, Nishiyama & Frohlich, 1976;Hiley & Yates, 1978;Tsuchiya et al, 1978) show appreciable change, when compared to the same variables in the normoten- sive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat, suggesting uniform elevation of regional vascular resistances. In contrast, the pattern of the distribution of cardiac output differs in other forms of hypertension in the rat: DOCA-salt (Dahners et al, 1972;Johnston, 1976;Yates & Hiley, 1979), renal (Dahners et al, 1972;Bralet, Wepierre & Bralet, 1973;Flohr et al, 1976;Johnston, 1976, Yates & Hiley, 1979 or nucleus tractus solitarii lesion (Snyder, Doba & Reis, 1978). In the present study we have, therefore, sought to investigate the contribution of regional vascular resistance to hypertension of renal origin in the rabbit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Systemic and Regional Haemodynamics in Experimental Renal Hypertension in Conscious Rabbits

Boom

Saxena

1980

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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1. The radioactive microsphere method was used to measure the distribution of cardiac output, regional flows and resistances in conscious normotensive and hypertensive rabbits implanted with an electromagnetic flow probe on the ascending aorta or pulmonary artery. Hypertension was induced by wrapping one kidney with cellophane and removing the other, and studies were performed about 5 weeks later. 2. Heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and total renal mass were reduced in the hypertensive animals, while the weight of, and the cardiac output distribution to left ventricle and the remaining kidney were increased. 3. In renal hypertensive rabbits, the weight normalized regional blood flow was diminished in a number of tissues, including the kidney, and, except for some organs in the splanchnic area (stomach, small intestine, mesentery and pancreas) and the fat, there was a rather uniform increase in tissue vascular resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Systemic and Regional Haemodynamics in Experimental Renal Hypertension in Conscious Rabbits

Boom

Saxena

1980

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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“…5 " 10 Evidence of appropriate changes in resistance and flows in vascular beds after NTS lesions would provide additional evidence that the effect of NTS lesions, in large measure, can be attributed to defective arterial baroreceptor reflex function. Finally, we sought to determine whether the pattern of change in blood flow in rats, made hypertensive by NTS lesions, was comparable to changes in regional flow produced in other models of hypertension in rats, including the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt," renal, 11 ' 12 and genetic 13 models.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Bralet et al used the isotope dilution technique in unanesthetized rats (1973) 12 and reported that, in Goldblatt hypertensive animals, the fractional flow to the heart, aorta, colon, lungs, and skeletal muscles increased, whereas flow to the skin and liver decreased. Dahners et al (1972)" employed labeled macro-aggregated albumin in DOCA-salt and Goldblatt hypertensive anesthetized rats. They reported an increase in the fractional flow to heart and lung and a decrease in flow to the liver and kidney.…”

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confidence: 99%

Regional distribution of blood flow during arterial hypertension produced by lesions of the nucleus tractus solitarii in rats.

Snyder¹,

Doba²,

Reis³

1978

Circulation Research

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SUMMARY Changes in the fractional distribution of cardiac output (FF), organ blood flow, and regional vascular resistance were measured by the isotope dilution technique of Sapirstein using 86 Rb as indicator in unanesthetized rats during acute arterial hypertension produced by bilateral lesions of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). After NTS lesions, the FF was significantly reduced in skin, muscle, and colon, increased in ventricular myocardium, spleen, and adrenal glands, and was unchanged elsewhere. Because of a marked reduction in cardiac output (CO) during hypertension, the absolute organ blood flow (FF x CO) was reduced in lesioned rats to 30-40% of control in skin, muscle, and colon and between 60% and 75% of control in most of the remainder of the gastrointestinal tract and renal cortex; it was unchanged in myocardium and endocrine glands. Resistance was substantially increased (4-to 6-fold) in skin, muscle and colon but was only moderately increased (1.5-to 2.5-fold) in the remaining organs. The results indicate that, while NTS lesions will increase resistance in most vascular beds, the response is unequally distributed, influencing skin, muscle, and colon disproportionately to other tissues. Because of an interaction between a reduction in CO and little autoregulation, blood flow is reduced primarily in skin, muscle, and colon. The pattern of redistribution of CO was consistent with the interpretation that NTS hypertension results from interrupting baroreceptor reflexes centrally. The pattern of redistribution of blood flow in rats with NTS lesions differs from that produced by deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt and renal ischemia. IN RATS, bilateral lesions of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) results in the rapid development of arterial hypertension.1 In this model, termed NTS hypertension, the rise of blood pressure is presumed to be due to increased vasoconstrictor discharge resulting from central deafferentation of arterial baroreceptors by destruction of their primary synapse within NTS. As a result, the total peripheral resistance is markedly increased, leading to ventricular overload, reduction in cardiac output, progressive heart failure, and death associated with pulmonary edema within 3-4 hours.1 ' 2In the present study, we measured the changes in regional blood flow and in vascular resistances after lesions of NTS. Our objective has been 2-fold. First, we sought to determine whether the increase in total peripheral resistance produced by the lesion could be attributed to changes in vascular resistances within specific vascular beds reflecting, in turn, a differential activation of sympathetic neurons. Second, NTS lesions abolish arterial baroreceptor reflexes, 3 -4 and arterial baroreceptor activity is not uniformly distributed to all vascular beds, since vasoconstrictor activity in skeletal muscle is under greater baroreceptor control than that in kidney, skin, or the gastrointestinal tract. "10 Evidence of appropriate changes in resistance and flows in vascular beds after NTS lesions ...

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“…Skeletal muscle resistance is reported unchanged. 316 Skin blood flow in unanesthetized SHR is reported unchanged, 314 ' 318 with no significant elevation in skin vascular resistance. The authors 318 suggest that the unchanged skin blood flow in SHR, which contrasts to the decreases they found in renal hypertensive rats (see below), may be attributable to the need for increased heat dissipation resulting from elevated oxygen consumption in SHR.…”

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confidence: 96%

Report of the Hypertension Task Force of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Current research and recommendations from the Subgroup on Local Hemodynamics.

1980

Hypertension

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Regional Peripheral Resistance in Experimental Hypertension

Cited by 7 publications

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Systemic and Regional Haemodynamics in Experimental Renal Hypertension in Conscious Rabbits

Systemic and Regional Haemodynamics in Experimental Renal Hypertension in Conscious Rabbits

Regional distribution of blood flow during arterial hypertension produced by lesions of the nucleus tractus solitarii in rats.

Report of the Hypertension Task Force of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Current research and recommendations from the Subgroup on Local Hemodynamics.

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