Regional Resistance Surveillance Program Results for 12 Asia-Pacific Nations (2011)

Abstract

The Regional Resistance Surveillance program monitored susceptibility rates and developing resistance by geographic region, including 12 Asia-Pacific (APAC) countries. Reference broth microdilution methods for susceptibility/interpretations were applied, processing 5,053 strains. Among Staphylococcus aureus isolates (37% methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA], highest in South Korea [73%]), linezolid (LZD), tigecycline (TIG), and vancomycin were 100% active, but 33 and 34% of strains were levofloxacin (LEV) or macrolide resistant, respectively. Streptococcus pneumoniae was most resistant to β-lactams and macrolides (45%) but was LZD, LEV, and TIG susceptible (>98%). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype rates in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. were 48 and 47%, respectively, and were highest in Taiwan, at 75 to 91%. The best anti-ESBL-phenotype agents were amikacin (81 to 96% susceptible), colistin (COL; >98%), TIG (>98%), and carbapenems (81 to 97%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed ≥20% resistance to all drugs except COL (99% susceptible). In conclusion, endemic evolving antimicrobial resistances in APAC nations show compromised roles for many commonly used antimicrobials.

Multiyear, Multinational Survey of the Incidence and Global Distribution of Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…Multiple MBL-positive isolates were detected in Russia and Greece, and the prevalence and spread of MBL-positive organisms within and from these countries have been reported previously (18,(26)(27)(28). In this study, the large number of MBL-positive organisms isolated in Philippines, which included 5 different species of Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa carrying genes for all three MBL types, exceeded those in previous reports and might suggest a strong potential for further spread in diverse geographic regions (29,30). Some variants were detected in one or several species of Enterobacteriaceae, whereas others were found in both Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa isolates, suggesting that these variants were encoded on mobilizable elements with large host ranges.…”

Development of a multiplex PCR system and its application in detection of blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-9 and blaOXA-1 group genes in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains

“…9,[31][32][33] For instance, these enzymes, with varying prevalence rates, have also been reported in many countries in the Asia-Pacific region. 34 Although CTX-M group enzymes emerged later compared with TEM and SHV types, they have spread worldwide and specific subgroups have been localized in different geographic regions. 35,36 Among them, CTX-M-9 group β-lactamases (CTX-M-14 subtype) are the most widespread in China followed by CTX-M-1 group (CTX-M-3).…”

“…[36][37][38] The occurrence of these enzymes vary from country to country, with Japan having the lowest bla gene prevalence rates among the neighboring countries. 34,[36][37][38] Owing to their very low prevalence rates in China, the scope of application and use this M-PCR system does not include bla CTX-M-2 , bla CTX-M-8 and/or bla CTX-M-25 group genes.…”

National sentinel site surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in South Africa, 2010 - 2012

“…11.5% in 2010 in the USA, [13] higher rates have been observed in other regions. [14] This laboratory-based surveillance also under lines the endemic distribution of all three major groups of ESBL genes throughout five regions of SA. The almost identical susceptibility pattern to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefepime suggests that there are multiple copies of several ESBL genes in the sample, which is supported by the genotypic results.…”