Regional Security Cooperation Between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the European Union

The Belt-and-Road Initiative as a paradigm change for European Union-China security cooperation? The case of Central Asia

“…With the release of its 2019 strategy paper for CA, entitled A New EU-Central Asia Strategy: Deepening Relationships and Generating Long-Lasting Impact , the EU strives to consolidate upon the modest strategic gains it has made as a security actor in the region. Since 2007, the EU has made a marginal impact as an external security actor namely thanks to the assistance it has provided to fight terrorism, fight drug trafficking and settle border disputes and in the sphere of jurisprudence (Baizakova 2013 : 90–91; Gussarova et al 2019 : 3; Putz 2015 ). In particular, the EU’s reputation was enhanced thanks to the technical assistance provided under the impetus of Border Management in CA and the CA Drug Action Programme initiatives, towards which the EU contributed approximately €1 billion (Baizakova 2013 : 92).…”

“…Since 2007, the EU has made a marginal impact as an external security actor namely thanks to the assistance it has provided to fight terrorism, fight drug trafficking and settle border disputes and in the sphere of jurisprudence (Baizakova 2013 : 90–91; Gussarova et al 2019 : 3; Putz 2015 ). In particular, the EU’s reputation was enhanced thanks to the technical assistance provided under the impetus of Border Management in CA and the CA Drug Action Programme initiatives, towards which the EU contributed approximately €1 billion (Baizakova 2013 : 92). To institutionalise its own forms of security cooperation with CA actors, the EU established a high-level strategic dialogue placing the emphasis on border management, counterterrorism, organised crime, migrant smuggling, human trafficking, counter-narcotics and RoL capacity-building (EEAS 2019 : 5; Lain 2017 ).…”