Regional Source Quantification model for sulphur oxides in Europe

Prahm, L. P.; Conradsen, Knut; Nielsen, Lars Balzer

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(80)90034-7

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Outside these conditions, the Arrhenius equation is not valid. From equation (14), the calculated SO 2 disappearance rate at 14.4 ± 0. , which closely conforms to the values ranging from 1.3 × 10 -4 s -1 to 1.09 × 10 -5 s -1 obtained by Prahm et al (1980); Eggleton and Cox (1978); Ronneau and SnappeJacob (1978) and Calvert et al (1978). Numerical rate constants for the other gases could be obtained from equations (13) to (17) at the given temperature range and mean surface pressure.…”

Section: Rate Models and Temperature Dependent Constantssupporting

confidence: 85%

A Wintertime Impact of Dilution on Transformation Rate in the Planetary Boundary Layer

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. The effects of dilution on photochemical reactions of trace gases released from spontaneous combustion processes near open cast coalmines in winter have been examined with a view to assessing the impact of meteorology on atmospheric chemical reactions. Daytime observed gas concentrations vary significantly due to dilution and transformation at average relative humidity of 48.9 ± 4.3 % and temperature of 14.4 ± 0.6 o C. Dilution occurred during the day with rise in wind speed. This yielded dilution rate constants of 1.0 × 10 -3 min -1 for CO, 2.5 × 10 -3 min -1 for NO, 1.9 × 10 -3 min -1 for NO 2 , 8.4 × 10 -4 min -1 for H 2 S, 9.8 × 10 -4 min -1 for SO 2 and 1.6 × 10 -3 min -1 for O 3 . H 2 S and SO 2 were observed to exhibit very close resemblance in diurnal variations. The average daytime and night time concentrations of the observed H 2 S were 31.5 ± 13.4 ppb and 171.7 ± 15.9 ppb and 31.6 ± 13.2 ppb and 128.5 ± 18.1 ppb for SO 2 . Chemical reaction rates were evaluated over a temperature range between 0 and 20 o C and mean surface pressure of 850.4 ± 2.7 mbar for the trace inorganic gases. Over this temperature range and surface pressure, transformation rates of SO 2 and H 2 S are 0.023 %·h

show abstract

Section: Rate Models and Temperature Dependent Constantssupporting

confidence: 85%

A Wintertime Impact of Dilution on Transformation Rate in the Planetary Boundary Layer

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…6 The second model type (DMB) accounts for transport, dispersion, chemical transformation and loss processes by means of parameterized differential equations solved in space and time. 7 Models of this type can encompass a wide range of theoretically-based schemes. Typically the DMB approach involves specification of the rate coefficients for dispersion, chemical conversion and deposition using empirical relationships based on observations.…”

Section: Empirical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Design of a Massive Aerometric Tracer Experiment (MATEX)

Hidy

1987

JAPCA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

in conjunction with The MATEX Design Group A hypothetical field experiment is evaluated that relates, through tracer releases, reactive pollutant emissions to long range transport and deposition. The feasibility of such an approach is established provided certain requirements can be met. The experiment must: (a) trace emissions from several sources simultaneously and repetitively over an extended period of time, (b) link a tracer to the chemical behavior of emissions, and (c) apply a statistically sound method of guidance for deducing empirical source-receptor relationships (SRRs) while accounting for natural variability. One design approach would use perfluorocarbon tracers (PFTs), which are nonreactive in the atmosphere, to simulate the transport and dispersion of reactive species such as sulfur and nitrogen oxides. Conversion and loss factors would be calibrated using isotopic sulfur and nitrogen compounds with PFTs, in combination with aerometric and deposition observations. An experimental concept is described that determines SRRs for deposition from observations and their interpolation, synthesized by an empirical model. If implemented, the experiment would be very expensive and has high design risk for achieving its goals given present knowledge.Among the points of scientific debate on regional scale air pollution phenomena is the issue concerning source-receptor exposure relationships (SRRs). Research has implicated air pollution at great distances from its origin as an important factor, for example, in acid deposition. These results have stimulated a call for increased emission control over broad industrialized areas of the Northern Hemisphere to reduce deposition levels. Estimated costs for widespread decreases in emissions have been so large that attention has centered on selective emission reductions. Selection of sources would be made to protect certain environmentally susceptible areas. However, implementation of such a strategy requires a specific knowledge of pertinent source-receptor relations.One approach to development of a strategy for selective emission control uses numerical simulation (air quality models). The models are numerical representations of atmospheric processes which intervene between source emission and the deposition of material. These models are required to estimate results of phenomena over subcontinental areas, and as a consequence must be highly simplified. Additionally, many of the processes to be simulated are not fully understood. For verification, the output from models may be compared with available observations, which themselves are incomplete with respect to spatial and temporal coverage and are subject as well to measurement error. For both reasons, the output of physical simulation models cannot yet be considered to provide a reliable description of the SRRs in acid deposition. Discussion of regionwide pollution control opCopyright 1987-APCA tions and opportunities thus has been inhibited by the lack of confidence in modeling results.In view of the limitations of p...

show abstract

“…The model (Eliassen and Saltbones, 1975;Eliassen, 1978;Hidy et al, 1976;Prahm et al, 1980;Voldner et al, 1981) parameterizes the physical and chemical processes within a box of unit area cross-section that extends from the ground to the mixing height. The boxes follow the trajectories that have been previously computed and stored by the trajectory model for each receptor site.…”

Section: Aes-lrt Concentration/deposition Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%