Registration of Arblick and Ecoturf Rhizoma Peanut Germplasms for Ornamental or Forage Use

Prine, G. M.; French, Edwin C.; Blount, Ann R.; Williams, Melissa; Quesenberry, K. H.

doi:10.3198/jpr2009.07.0392crg

Cited by 25 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…'Ecoturf' and 'Arblick' were released as cultivars for landscapes by Prine et al (2010) and are used as a groundcover along highways, landscape berms, road medians, and in plantations for soil preservation (Mathews et al, 2000;Hernandez-Garay et al, 2004). The situation significantly changed when a series of major collection expeditions were made to Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina beginning in diseases and nematodes common to peanut, is drought tolerant, and has minimal fertilizer requirements.…”

Section: Species Of Arachismentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Wild Species for Peanut Improvement

2017

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The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an allotetraploid species with a very large and complex genome. This species is susceptible to numerous foliar and soil‐borne diseases for which only moderate levels of resistance have been identified in the germplasm collection, but several of the 81 wild species are extremely resistant to many destructive peanut diseases. Peanut species were grouped into nine sections, but only taxa in section Arachis will hybridize with A. hypogaea. Most of these species are diploid, but two aneuploids and two tetraploids also exist in the section. The first peanut cultivars released after interspecific hybridization were ‘Spancross’ and ‘Tamnut 74’ during the 1970s from a cross between A. hypogaea and its tetraploid progenitor. However, introgression of useful genes from diploids has been difficult due to sterility barriers resulting from genomic and ploidy differences. To utilize diploids in section Arachis, direct hybrids have been made between A. hypogaea and diploid species, the chromosome number doubled to the hexaploid level, and then tetraploids recovered with resistances to nematodes, leaf spots, rust, and numerous insect pests. ‘Bailey’, a widely grown Virginia‐type peanut, was released from these materials, and other cultivars are gown in Asia and South America. Alternatively, hybrids between diploid A and B genome species have been made, the chromosome number doubled, and cultivars released with nematode resistance derived from Arachis species. Introgression from Arachis species to A. hypogaea appears to be in large blocks rather than as single genes, and new genotyping strategies should enhance utilization of wild peanut genetic resources.

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Section: Species Of Arachismentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Wild Species for Peanut Improvement

2017

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“…Several new genotypes of RP have been developed and released as dual-purpose hay and grazing crops, ranging in growth habit from decumbent-to upright-growing types Quesenberry et al, 2010). It was released as a germplasm by Prine et al (2010), and evaluation under grazing in small plots showed no difference in herbage accumulation (HA) between Ecoturf and cultivars 'Florigraze', 'UF-Tito', and 'UF-Peace' (Mullenix et al, 2016a). It was released as a germplasm by Prine et al (2010), and evaluation under grazing in small plots showed no difference in herbage accumulation (HA) between Ecoturf and cultivars 'Florigraze', 'UF-Tito', and 'UF-Peace' (Mullenix et al, 2016a).…”

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Phenotypic Plasticity and Other Forage Responses to Grazing Management of Ecoturf Rhizoma Peanut

et al. 2018

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Forage–livestock systems in the southeastern United States are based on N‐fertilized perennial grass pastures, with minimal legume contribution. The legume rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata Benth.) can persist and spread in grazed mixtures with C4 grasses, and Ecoturf RP is of particular interest because it is relatively decumbent and may vary its growth habit in response to defoliation management. The objective was to quantify effects of grazing frequency and intensity of Ecoturf on herbage accumulation (HA), canopy characteristics, storage organ mass, and total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration. Treatments were the factorial combinations of three levels of regrowth interval (RI; 1, 4, and 7 wk) between grazing events and two levels of post‐grazing stubble height (SH; 4 and 8 cm). For the 4‐cm SH, HA increased from 8.4 to 10.5 Mg ha−1 in 2015 and from 9.8 to 13.6 Mg ha−1 in 2016 as RI decreased from 7 to 1 wk. The effect of RI was less pronounced for the 8‐cm SH. When grazed to a 4‐cm SH, herbage bulk density and post‐grazing leaflet mass increased linearly as RI decreased from 7 to 1 wk in both years. Changes in root‐rhizome mass and TNC pool during 2 yr of grazing were not affected by SH or RI. Ecoturf adapted to frequent, close grazing by increasing herbage bulk density and positioning leaves close to the soil surface, allowing rapid regrowth after defoliation without depleting reserves. Ecoturf is tolerant of a range of grazing strategies, showing promise for use in pastures.

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“…Because RP is a long-lived perennial with ability to move laterally via an extensive rhizome system, it has potential to spread into the surrounding grass sward over time and form a mixed pasture. Prine et al (2010) also released the germplasms Ecoturf and Arblick as low-growing ecotypes for grazing or ornamental use. There are other recently released cultivars and genotypes of RP that may have potential for incorporation into existing grass pastures, but they have not been tested.…”

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Growth Habit of Rhizoma Peanut Affects Establishment and Spread when Strip Planted in Bahiagrass Pastures

et al. 2014

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Planting rhizoma peanut (RP; Arachis glabrata Benth.) in strips in bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) pastures may be an economical approach to increase sward nutritive value, decrease dependence on N fertilizer, and promote sustainable mixed‐species pastures. Released cultivars and germplasms of RP range in growth habit from decumbent to upright, differences that may affect their spread and response to defoliation in grass pastures. The objectives were to quantify initial establishment characteristics and subsequent spread of RP entries following strip planting. Treatments were the factorial combinations of two defoliation practices after planting (haying or grazing every 28 d) and four RP entries (Arblick, Ecoturf, Florigraze, and UF Peace). By the year after planting, decumbent types Arblick (51%) and Ecoturf (48%) had greater RP ground cover than upright‐growing UF Peace (34%), but they were not different in cover than the intermediate type Florigraze (40%). Haying resulted in greater cover than grazing (51 vs. 31%). Spread of RP into adjacent bahiagrass was reduced by grazing compared with haying during the year of planting (0 and 0.24 m, respectively) and year after planting (0.34 and 0.67 m, respectively). Results suggest that decumbent Ecoturf and Arblick and intermediate growth habit Florigraze can be established successfully in strips in bahiagrass pasture, and establishment is favored when swards are used for hay rather than grazing during the first 2 yr.

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Registration of Arblick and Ecoturf Rhizoma Peanut Germplasms for Ornamental or Forage Use

Cited by 25 publications

References 4 publications

Utilizing Wild Species for Peanut Improvement

Utilizing Wild Species for Peanut Improvement

Phenotypic Plasticity and Other Forage Responses to Grazing Management of Ecoturf Rhizoma Peanut

Growth Habit of Rhizoma Peanut Affects Establishment and Spread when Strip Planted in Bahiagrass Pastures

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