Regulated and Entangled Photons from a Single Quantum Dot

Benson, Oliver; Santori, Charles; Pelton, Matthew; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.2513

Cited by 955 publications

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“…While this binding is 1 order of magnitude less than the gap, it is strong compared to biexciton binding in semiconductor quantum dots 1,32,33 and carbon nanotubes. 2,34 The importance of strong Coulombic interactions in multiple exciton generation in solar cells, 35 photon cascades, 36 and other applications suggest that such new technologies may be realized using GQDs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Synthesis of Monohydroxy–Cucurbit[n]urils (n = 5, 6, 7, 8): High Purity and High Conversions

et al. 2015

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NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC:http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=21277027&lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=21277027&lang=fr READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE.http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca.

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confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Synthesis of Monohydroxy–Cucurbit[n]urils (n = 5, 6, 7, 8): High Purity and High Conversions

et al. 2015

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“…This becomes especially evident in the case when only a few quantum-dots or photons are involved in the lasing process [RIT10,GIE11]. Then, the non-classical light output from quantum-dots can be used, e.g., for creation of entangled photons [BEN00a] or single-photon emission [UNR12,CAL13]. When discussing optical feedback of few-photon quantum-dot lasers, non-classical effects were also found to arise, characterized by a "bunching" of photons [ALB11,SCH13g], that is unaccounted for in semi-classical models.…”

Section: Light-matter Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear and Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quantum-Dot Optoelectronic Devices

Lingnau

2015

Springer Theses

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In this thesis the dynamics and performance of optoelectronic devices based on semiconductor quantum-dots are investigated.In the first part, the dynamics of quantum-dot lasers under external perturbations is discussed. Using a microscopically based balance equation model that incorporates detailed charge-carrier scattering dynamics and the possibility to describe nonequilibrium between intra-band electronic states, the relaxation oscillations of the quantum-dot laser are investigated. Three qualitatively different dynamic regimes are identified in dependence of the scattering rates -the "constantreservoir" regime for slow scattering, the "overdamped" regime, and the "synchronized" regime for high scattering -characterized by a varying degree of nonequilibrium between the quantum-dot and reservoir states.Important differences to conventional lasers are found in the modulation response and the dynamics in optical injection and feedback setups. Common theoretical models and approaches used to describe these applications are shown to yield inaccurate predictions, especially in the "constant-reservoir" and "overdamped" dynamic regimes. An important consequence is that the amplitude-phase coupling in quantum-dot lasers, commonly described by the α-factor, differs from conventional descriptions due to the desynchronization of gain and refractive index. While the α-factor describes bifurcations of fixed points accurately, it fails in describing dynamic solutions and overestimates the extent of complex dynamics. The observed low sensitivity to optical perturbations in quantum-dot lasers can therefore be attributed partly to the charge-carrier nonequilibrium. Three quantum-dot laser models on different levels of sophistication are presented that can accurately describe the quantum-dot nonequilibrium dynamics.In the second part of the thesis, the performance of quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers is investigated, and two types of applications unique to quantum-dots as active medium are discussed. The ground and excited states of the quantum-dots allow an ultra-broad-band amplification of optical data streams. Amplified signals on the ground-state frequencies are shown to generally exhibit higher quality than on the excited state, due to a lower sensitivity of the groundstate to carrier-density variations. Nevertheless the quantum-dot amplifier is found to allow effective amplification on both frequency ranges. Furthermore, a parameter range is identified that allows for a simultaneous amplification of data signals on the ground and excited state in a counter-propagating setup.The long microscopically polarization dephasing times in quantum-dots are found to enable quantum-coherent interactions on a macroscopic scale at room-temperature. By comparison with experiments, the occurrence of Rabi-oscillations by amplification of ultra-short pulses is demonstrated. Quantum-dot based devices could therefore be used for future applications based on quantum-coherent effects.

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“…Recently, the decay of a biexciton complex confined in a quantum dot (QD) has been suggested as an efficient source for polarization entangled photon pairs. [2] This concept was based on the assumption of an idealistic QD structure for which the valence band ground state has pure heavy hole character with angular momentum projections J h,z = ±3/2 along the heterostructure growth direction. When an electron-hole pair is injected, the momenta of the carriers become coupled by the exchange interaction.…”

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Tailored quantum dots for entangled photon pair creation

et al. 2006

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We compare the asymmetry-induced exchange splitting δ1 of the bright-exciton ground-state doublet in self-assembled (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots, determined by Faraday rotation, with its homogeneous linewidth γ, obtained from the radiative decay in time-resolved photoluminescence. Post-growth thermal annealing of the dot structures leads to a considerable increase of the homogeneous linewidth, while a strong reduction of the exchange splitting is simultaneously observed. The annealing can be tailored such that δ1 and γ become comparable, whereupon the carriers are still well confined. This opens the possibility to observe polarization entangled photon pairs through the biexciton decay cascade.PACS numbers: 71.36.+c, 73.20.Dx, 78.47.+p, Entangled photon pairs are a key requirement for the implementation of quantum teleportation schemes.[1] Typically, such photon pairs are created by parametric down conversion of a strongly attenuated laser beam in a non-linear optical crystal, with limited efficiency. Recently, the decay of a biexciton complex confined in a quantum dot (QD) has been suggested as an efficient source for polarization entangled photon pairs.[2] This concept was based on the assumption of an idealistic QD structure for which the valence band ground state has pure heavy hole character with angular momentum projections J h,z = ±3/2 along the heterostructure growth direction. When an electron-hole pair is injected, the momenta of the carriers become coupled by the exchange interaction. If the dot has perfect D 2d -symmetry, angular momentum is a good quantum number: the optically active states with momenta M = ±1 are degenerate, and their decay leads to emission of σ ± -circularly polarized photons.If the dot ground states are occupied by two electrons and two holes, each with opposite spin orientations, a spin singlet biexciton X 2 is formed, for whose decay two channels exist, as shown in Fig. 1 (upper panel left). The first photon is emitted with either σ + or σ − -polarization, and then the second photon with opposite polarization, as long as no spin flip occurs after the first process. Unless a polarization measurement is performed, the two photon polarization state is therefore described by2, forming an entangled state. A key requirement is that the photons emitted at each stage of the cascade are quasi-degenerate within their homogeneous linewidth, such that they cannot be distinguished by an energy measurement.Experiments have failed up to now to demonstrate such an entanglement, as only classical correlations were observed.[3] While some of the idealizations of the original proposal are well fulfilled, for example, for strongly confined self-assembled (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots (such as the long exciton spin relaxation time as com- pared to the radiative lifetime [4], or the almost pure heavy-hole character of the valence band ground state [6]), a fundamental problem arises from the broken D 2d symmetry, which is reduced to at least C 2v or even lower symmetry in realistic dot structures. [7,8,...

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Regulated and Entangled Photons from a Single Quantum Dot

Cited by 955 publications

References 32 publications

Comprehensive Synthesis of Monohydroxy–Cucurbit[n]urils (n = 5, 6, 7, 8): High Purity and High Conversions

Comprehensive Synthesis of Monohydroxy–Cucurbit[n]urils (n = 5, 6, 7, 8): High Purity and High Conversions

Nonlinear and Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quantum-Dot Optoelectronic Devices

Tailored quantum dots for entangled photon pair creation

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