Regulating Oral Biofilm from Cariogenic State to Non-Cariogenic State via Novel Combination of Bioactive Therapeutic Composite and Gene-Knockout

Chen, Hong; Yang, Yingming; Weir, Michael D.; Dai, Quan; Lei, Lei; Homayounfar, Negar; Oates, Thomas W.; Yang, Kai; Zhang, Ke; Hu, Tao; Xu, Hockin H.K.

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8091410

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Another possibility is that AS vicK leads to decreased LDH activity and inhibits the conversion of pyruvate to lactate during glycolysis. Substrate alterations influenced by Lactic acid can dynamically regulate biofilm microecology, for example, S. mutans can inhibit Streptococcus sanguinis ( S. sanguinis ) and Streptococcus gordonii ( S. gordonii ) by producing lactic acid and other substances [ 37 , 38 ]. Lactobacillus can inhibit the growth and cariogenicity of S. mutans by producing lactic acid [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exopolysaccharides metabolism and cariogenesis of Streptococcus mutans biofilm regulated by antisense vicK RNA

Sun

Chen

et al. 2023

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Background Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans ) is a pivotal cariogenic pathogen contributing to its multiple virulence factors, one of which is synthesizing exopolysaccharides (EPS). VicK, a sensor histidine kinase, plays a major role in regulating genes associated with EPS synthesis and adhesion. Here we first identified an antisense vicK RNA (AS vicK ) bound with vicK into double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Objective This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of AS vicK in the EPS metabolism and cariogenesis of S. mutans . Methods The phenotypes of biofilm were detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gas chromatography-mass spectrometery (GC-MS) , gel permeation chromatography (GPC) , transcriptome analysis and Western blot. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-ip) assay and enzyme activity experiment were adopted to investigate the mechanism of AS vicK regulation. Caries animal models were developed to study the relationship between AS vicK and cariogenicity of S. mutans. Results Overexpression of AS vicK can inhibit the growth of biofilm, reduce the production of EPS and alter genes and protein related to EPS metabolism. AS vicK can adsorb RNase III to regulate vicK and affect the cariogenicity of S. mutans . Conclusions AS vicK regulates vicK at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, effectively inhibits EPS synthesis and biofilm formation and reduces its cariogenicity in vivo .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exopolysaccharides metabolism and cariogenesis of Streptococcus mutans biofilm regulated by antisense vicK RNA

Sun

Chen

et al. 2023

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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“…In this study, we used a well-characterized multispecies ecological biofilm model to evaluate the anticaries performance of novel antibacterial agents [ 41 , 42 , 43 ], which were composed of oral streptococci closely related to the occurrence of caries. Among them, S. mutans UA159 is the most important cariogenic bacterium, while S. sanguinis SK36 and S. gordonii DL1 are generally recognized as benign commensals in caries development [ 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticariogenic Activity of Celastrol and Its Enhancement of Streptococcal Antagonism in Multispecies Biofilm

Li,

Niu,

Luo

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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Dental caries is a chronic disease resulting from dysbiosis in the oral microbiome. Antagonism of commensal Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus gordonii against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans is pivotal to keep the microecological balance. However, concerns are growing on antimicrobial agents in anticaries therapy, for broad spectrum antimicrobials may have a profound impact on the oral microbial community, especially on commensals. Here, we report celastrol, extracted from Traditional Chinese Medicine’s Tripterygium wilfordii (TW) plant, as a promising anticaries candidate. Our results revealed that celastrol showed antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against cariogenic bacteria S. mutans while exhibiting low cytotoxicity. By using a multispecies biofilm formed by S. mutans UA159, S. sanguinis SK36, and S. gordonii DL1, we observed that even at relatively low concentrations, celastrol reduced S. mutans proportion and thereby inhibited lactic acid production as well as water-insoluble glucan formation. We found that celastrol thwarted S. mutans outgrowth through the activation of pyruvate oxidase (SpxB) and H2O2-dependent antagonism between commensal oral streptococci and S. mutans. Our data reveal new anticaries properties of celastrol that enhance oral streptococcal antagonism, which thwarts S. mutans outgrowth, indicating its potential to maintain oral microbial balance for prospective anticaries therapy.

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“…Further acidification of the oral microenvironment disrupts the balance of mineralization and remineralization of the dental surface and disturbs calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the hard tissues, resulting in loss of inorganic material and destruction of organic collagen ( Pandya and Diekwisch, 2019 ). Therefore, regulating the balance of flora, controlling the proliferation of conditionally pathogenic bacteria, and avoiding the acidification of the microenvironment are the key factors to reduce dental caries ( Chen et al., 2020 ). Moreover, the high incidence of dental caries has a great impact on public health resources, thus regulating the flora balance, controlling the proliferation of conditionally pathogenic bacteria, and avoiding the acidification of the microenvironment also play a benign role in promoting public health resources ( Peres et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of argon cold atmospheric plasma on the metabolism and demineralization of oral plaque biofilms

Zhao

Wang

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to design and optimize a cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) device that could be applied in an oral environment and to study its effects on plaque biofilm metabolism and regrowth, as well as microbial flora composition and enamel demineralization.MethodCAP was obtained through a dielectric barrier discharge device; the optical properties were analyzed using emission spectroscopy. The electrochemical analysis of plasma devices includes voltametric characteristic curves and Lissajous. The Streptococcus mutans (UA159) and saliva biofilms were treated in vitro, and the effects of CAP on biofilm metabolism were investigated using MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays. The duration of antibacterial activity on biofilms was examined, scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of biofilms, and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to explore the influence of CAP on the microbial flora composition of saliva biofilms. An in vitro model of biofilm-enamel demineralization was designed, and the effect of CAP on enamel demineralization was evaluated by micro surface hardness and micro-CT analysis.ResultsCAP had antibacterial proliferative ability toward Streptococcus mutans biofilms and saliva biofilms and was stronger than ultraviolet under the same tested conditions. After 24 h, the antibacterial effect disappeared, which proved the short-term timeliness of its bactericidal ability. CAP can inhibit the acid production of biofilms, and its inhibitory effect on saliva biofilms can be extended to 24 h. CAP had a strong ability to regulate the composition of plaque biofilms, especially for Lactococcus proliferation, a major acid-producing bacterium in microcosm biofilms. The CAP-treated enamels were more acid-tolerant than non-treated controls.ConclusionCAP had an explicit bactericidal effect on caries-related biofilms, which is a short-term antibacterial effect. It can inhibit the acid production of biofilms and has a downregulation effect on Lactococcus in saliva biofilms. CAP can help reduce demineralization of enamel.

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Regulating Oral Biofilm from Cariogenic State to Non-Cariogenic State via Novel Combination of Bioactive Therapeutic Composite and Gene-Knockout

Cited by 5 publications

References 65 publications

Exopolysaccharides metabolism and cariogenesis of Streptococcus mutans biofilm regulated by antisense vicK RNA

Exopolysaccharides metabolism and cariogenesis of Streptococcus mutans biofilm regulated by antisense vicK RNA

Anticariogenic Activity of Celastrol and Its Enhancement of Streptococcal Antagonism in Multispecies Biofilm

The effect of argon cold atmospheric plasma on the metabolism and demineralization of oral plaque biofilms

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