Regulating the trap distribution to achieve high-contrast mechanoluminescence with an extended saturation threshold through co-doping Nd³⁺ into CaZnOS:Bi³⁺,Li⁺

Abstract

Much attention has been paid to exploit novel mechanoluminescnece (ML) phosphors, however, there is few reports about how to improve contrast in imaging and applicability in practice. In this work,...

Ultrasound‐Induced Mechanoluminescence and Optical Thermometry Toward Stimulus‐Responsive Materials with Simultaneous Trigger Response and Read‐Out Functions

“…[ 29 ] In general, the occurrence of a saturation regime is attributed to a limit in the charge density within the trap states. [ 30 , 31 , 32 ] Furthermore, triboelectric effects affect the further increase of ML intensity. [ 33 , 34 ] We used an impact energy near the maximum of the low‐load regime in order to further evaluate the impact of Er concentration on ML performance (Figure 3b ).…”

Strengthening the non-pre-irradiated near-infrared mechanoluminescence of CaZnOS:Nd3+ by Mn2+ coactivation for biomechanical imaging

“…Another is that the CaZnOS host can be activated by a variety of luminescent ions, including transition metal ions (Mn 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Bi 3+ ) and lanthanide ions (Ln 3+ = Pr 3+ , Nd 3+ , Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ , Dy 3+ , Ho 3+ , Er 3+ , Tm 3+ , and Yb 3+ ), producing tunable ML across the visible and NIR regions. [47][48][49] Among them, Nd 3+ , Ho 3+ , and Er 3+ are the NIR activators, rendering CaZnOS particularly useful for biomechanical imaging. 50,51 A typical application of non-pre-irradiated NIR ML is the recent report that CaZnOS:Nd 3+ was used to monitor the severity of artificial cardiovascular occlusion and hypertension in rats by in vitro imaging.…”

A new class of battery-free, mechanically powered, piezoelectric Ca5Ga6O14:Tb3+ phosphors with self-recoverable luminescence

“…[4][5][6][7] Thanks to the unique mechanical-to-optical energy conversion featured with self-powering activities, ML phosphors are particularly attractive for a wide range of fundamental applications in smart stress sensing, structure fatigue diagnosis, mapping of personalized handwriting, lighting, flexible display devices, artificial skin, encryption, and anti-counterfeiting. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Although substantial progress has been achieved in the development of novel ML phosphors in the past decade, the overwhelming majority of explored ML materials are still limited to trap-controlled materials. [14][15][16] Trap-controlled mechanoluminescence essentially requires the pre-storage of electrons in metastable trap states, which are possibly de-trapped under a mechanically induced piezoelectric field or triboelectric field so that they can finally recombine with the ionized luminescence center to yield mechanoluminescence.…”

“…4–7 Thanks to the unique mechanical-to-optical energy conversion featured with self-powering activities, ML phosphors are particularly attractive for a wide range of fundamental applications in smart stress sensing, structure fatigue diagnosis, mapping of personalized handwriting, lighting, flexible display devices, artificial skin, encryption, and anti-counterfeiting. 8–13…”