“…Since then, its applications have been growing steadily from the study of domestic mixed oligopoly markets (Harris & Wiens, 1980;Sertel, 1988;Cremer, Marchand, & Thisse, 1989, 1991DeFraja & Delbono, 1989, 1990Fershtman, 1990;Nilssen & Sorgard, 2002;Matsumura & Kanada, 2005), to analysing the role of foreign competition in such markets (Fjell & Pal, 1996;Pal & White, 1998;Fjell & Heywood, 2002;Heywood & Ye, 2010). Recently, a growing number of authors have used a mixed oligopoly structure to study multinational markets (Pal & White, 2003;Dadpay & Heywood, 2006;Heywood & Ye, 2009;Dadpay, 2010).…”