Regulation of an antioxidant blend on intestinal redox status and major microbiota in early weaned piglets

Xu, Jianxiong; Xu, Chunjie; Chen, Xiaolian; Cai, Xuan; Yang, Shoufeng; Sheng, Yongshuai; Wang, Tian

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2013.10.018

Cited by 114 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It has been demonstrated that feeding a diet supplemented with an antioxidant blend (200 mg vitamin C, 100 mg vitamin E, 450 mg tea polyphenols, 1 g lipoic acid and 5 g microbial antioxidants fermented by Bacillus, Lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and beer yeast) reduces intestinal oxidative stress and prevents intestinal villus height and villus : crypt ratio in weaning piglets (Xu et al, 2014b). Among the ingredients in the antioxidant blend used in that study, both tea polyphenols and lipoic acid exert antiinflammatory effects via inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway (Goraca et al, 2015;Li et al, 2015;Marinovic et al, 2015).…”

Section: Figure 1 Population Of Enterococcus Genus (A) Escherichia Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

A carvacrol–thymol blend decreased intestinal oxidative stress and influenced selected microbes without changing the messenger RNA levels of tight junction proteins in jejunal mucosa of weaning piglets

Wei

Xue

Zhou

et al. 2017

Animal

115

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Recent studies indicate that intestinal oxidative stress and microbiota imbalance is involved in weaning-induced intestinal dysfunction in piglets. We have investigated the effect of feeding a carvacrol-thymol blend supplemented diet on intestinal redox status, selected microbial populations and the intestinal barrier in weaning piglets. The piglets (weaned at 21 days of age) were randomly allocated to two groups with six pens per treatment and 10 piglets per pen. At weaning day (21 days of age), six piglets were sacrificed before weaning to serve as the preweaning group. The weaned group was fed with a basal diet, while the weaned-CB group was fed with the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg carvacrol-thymol (1 : 1) blend for 14 days. On day 7 post-weaning, six piglets from each group were sacrificed to determine intestinal redox status, selected microbial populations, messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript levels of proinflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of intestinal barrier function. Weaning resulted in intestinal oxidative stress, indicated by the increased concentration of reactive oxygen species and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances present in the intestine. Weaning also reduced the population of Lactobacillus genus and increased the populations of Enterococcus genus and Escherichia coli in the jejunum, and increased mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β and interleukin 6 (IL-6). In addition, decreased mRNA levels of zonula occludens and occludin in the jejunal mucosa and increased plasma diamine oxidase concentrations indicated that weaning induced dysfunction of the intestinal barrier. On day 7 post-weaning, supplementation with the carvacrol-thymol blend restored weaning-induced intestinal oxidative stress. Compared with the weaned group, the weaned-CB group had an increased population of Lactobacillus genus but reduced populations of Enterococcus genus and E. coli in the jejunum and decreased mRNA levels of TNF-α. The results indicated that weaning induced intestinal oxidative stress and dysfunction of the intestinal barrier. Dietary supplementation with 100 mg/kg carvacrol-thymol (1 : 1) decreased the intestinal oxidative stress and influenced selected microbial populations without changing the biomarkers of intestinal barrier in weaning piglets.

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Section: Figure 1 Population Of Enterococcus Genus (A) Escherichia Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

A carvacrol–thymol blend decreased intestinal oxidative stress and influenced selected microbes without changing the messenger RNA levels of tight junction proteins in jejunal mucosa of weaning piglets

Wei

Xue

Zhou

et al. 2017

Animal

115

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“…Elevated levels of ROS in the mucosa of the jejunum are induced by changes in diet [2], and alter microbiota compositions [3,4]. Oxidation–reduction imbalance in the intestinal epithelium has an impact on its functionality [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Investigation of Six Antioxidants for Pig Diets

et al. 2016

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Oxidative stress in the small intestinal epithelium can lead to barrier malfunction. In this study, the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA), quercetin (Que), gallic acid (GA), lipoic acid (LA), ethoxyquin (ETQ) and Se-methionine (SeMet) pre-treatments using 2 mM Trolox as a control on the viability and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) of oxidatively (H2O2) stressed intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) was investigated. A neutral red assay showed that RA (50–400 µM), Que (12.5–200 µM), GA (50–400 µM), ETQ (6.25–100 µM), and SeMet (125–1000 µM) pre-treatments but not LA significantly increased the viability of H2O2-stressed IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05). A 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H2DCFDA) fluorescent probe showed that RA (100–600 µM), Que (25–800 µM), ETQ (3.125–100 µM) and SeMet (500–2000 µM) pre-treatments significantly reduced iROS in IPEC-J2 monolayers (p < 0.05). Moreover, RA and Que were most effective in reducing iROS. Therefore, the effects of RA and Que on barrier functioning in vitro were examined. RA and Que pre-treatments significantly decreased fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated dextran-4 (4 kDa) permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of an IPEC-J2 cell monolayer (p < 0.05). These in vitro results of RA and Que hold promise for their use as antioxidants in pig feed.

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“…Numerous investigations have found the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota in weaning piglets, which results in overgrowing pathogenic bacteria (E. coli, S. suis) and causes intestinal disorders (Castillo et al, 2007;Su et al, 2008;Xu et al, 2014). Previous researches have reported that Mt could be used as a carrier for inorganic antibacterial agents, such as Ag + , Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ , which are loaded into Mt by ion exchange (Magana et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of zinc-exchanged montmorillonite with different zinc loading capacities on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, morphology and permeability in weaned piglets

Yao

Xiao

Song

et al. 2015

Applied Clay Science

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Regulation of an antioxidant blend on intestinal redox status and major microbiota in early weaned piglets

Cited by 114 publications

References 41 publications

A carvacrol–thymol blend decreased intestinal oxidative stress and influenced selected microbes without changing the messenger RNA levels of tight junction proteins in jejunal mucosa of weaning piglets

A carvacrol–thymol blend decreased intestinal oxidative stress and influenced selected microbes without changing the messenger RNA levels of tight junction proteins in jejunal mucosa of weaning piglets

In Vitro Investigation of Six Antioxidants for Pig Diets

Effects of zinc-exchanged montmorillonite with different zinc loading capacities on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, morphology and permeability in weaned piglets

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