Regulation of antimicrobial peptide gene expression by nutrients and by-products of microbial metabolism

Campbell, Yan L.; Fantacone, Mary L.; Gombart, Adrian F.

doi:10.1007/s00394-012-0415-4

Cited by 56 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…15 VDR controls gene expression in cooperation with certain transcriptional factors. [13][14][15]52 Overall, VDR mediates gene expression, inflammation, and the microbiota of the intestinal tract, therefore playing a crucial role in intestinal homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 Vitamin D supplementation has been reported to have clinical benefit in reducing IBD occurrence and relapse and in improving outcomes. 12 VDR regulates the expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs), β-defensins, and autophagy regulator ATG16L1 [13][14][15] and therefore possesses some antibiotic properties. For example, [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ] leads to up-regulation of CAMPs and the killing of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human monocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Lack of Vitamin D Receptor Causes Dysbiosis and Changes the Functions of the Murine Intestinal Microbiome

Jin

Zhang

et al. 2015

Clinical Therapeutics

204

142

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Vitamin D Receptor Causes Dysbiosis and Changes the Functions of the Murine Intestinal Microbiome

Jin

Zhang

et al. 2015

Clinical Therapeutics

204

142

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“…Zones of fungal infection become increasingly inflamed due to the chemoattractive activities of AMPs that recruit more lymphocytes (reviewed in reference 42). Transcriptional activation in epithelial cells is mediated by transcription factors NF-B, AP-1, and charged vitamin D receptor (VDR) that target specific promoter sequences of genes encoding hBD2 and human CAP18 (18-kDa cationic antimicrobial protein) (hCAP18) (43). TLR signaling increases CYP27B1 (cytochrome p450 27B1) hydroxylase enzyme activity to promote the conversion of 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH) 2 D, which in turn binds to VDR to trigger synthesis of LL-37.…”

Section: Regulated Amp Activity Against C Albicansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between Candida albicans and the Antimicrobial Peptide Armory

2014

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key elements of innate immunity, which can directly kill multiple bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. The medically important fungus Candida albicans colonizes different host niches as part of the normal human microbiota. Proliferation of C. albicans is regulated through a complex balance of host immune defense mechanisms and fungal responses. Expression of AMPs against pathogenic fungi is differentially regulated and initiated by interactions of a variety of fungal pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on human cells. Inflammatory signaling and other environmental stimuli are also essential to control fungal proliferation and to prevent parasitism. To persist in the host, C. albicans has developed a three-phase AMP evasion strategy, including secretion of peptide effectors, AMP efflux pumps, and regulation of signaling pathways. These mechanisms prevent C. albicans from the antifungal activity of the major AMP classes, including cathelicidins, histatins, and defensins leading to a basal resistance. This minireview summarizes human AMP attack and C. albicans resistance mechanisms and current developments in the use of AMPs as antifungal agents.

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“…95 Their production by the colonic epithelium is increased by activation of FXR. 96 CDCA is a high affinity agonist for FXR, 4 whereas 7-oxo-LCA and UDCA, bacterial metabolites of CDCA, are intermediate and non-active agonists, respectively. 97,98 Because cathelicidin has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity 99 and its expression is controlled by FXR, it follows that by lessening the affinity of bile acids for FXR, a microbe could increase its fitness in the lumen of the large intestine.…”

Section: Oxidation and Epimerization Of Bile Acid Hydroxy Groups By Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Publisher's note

2016

Gut Microbes

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Emerging evidence strongly suggest that the human "microbiome" plays an important role in both health and disease. Bile acids function both as detergents molecules promoting nutrient absorption in the intestines and as hormones regulating nutrient metabolism. Bile acids regulate metabolism via activation of specific nuclear receptors (NR) and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The circulating bile acid pool composition consists of primary bile acids produced from cholesterol in the liver, and secondary bile acids formed by specific gut bacteria. The various biotransformation of bile acids carried out by gut bacteria appear to regulate the structure of the gut microbiome and host physiology. Increased levels of secondary bile acids are associated with specific diseases of the GI system. Elucidating methods to control the gut microbiome and bile acid pool composition in humans may lead to a reduction in some of the major diseases of the liver, gall bladder and colon. KEYWORDS bile acid 7a-dehydroxylation; bile acid oxidoreductases; bile salt hydrolase; gut microbiota; secondary bile acids GUT MICROBES

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Regulation of antimicrobial peptide gene expression by nutrients and by-products of microbial metabolism

Cited by 56 publications

References 79 publications

Lack of Vitamin D Receptor Causes Dysbiosis and Changes the Functions of the Murine Intestinal Microbiome

Lack of Vitamin D Receptor Causes Dysbiosis and Changes the Functions of the Murine Intestinal Microbiome

Interplay between Candida albicans and the Antimicrobial Peptide Armory

Publisher's note

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