Regulation of appressorium development in pathogenic fungi

Ryder, Lauren S.; Talbot, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2015.05.013

Cited by 203 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…1a). Second, NO 2 − would be assimilated into amino acids following its reduction to NH 4 + by nitrite reductase encoded by NII1. NII1 is expressed in a Nut1-dependent manner under nitrogen derepressing conditions.…”

Section: Nmo2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taken together, loss of 2-nitroporopane metabolism, sensitivity to NO and ROS, improved growth on NO 3 − medium with a peroxynitrite scavenger, high levels of MDA indicating lipid damage and the accumulation of nitrotyrosine in the Δnmo2 mutant strain all support the notion that Nmo2 protects against nitrooxidative stress by denitrifying nitrated alkanes and lipids. This mitigating role of NMO2 explains why the Δnmo2 mutant was unable to grow on RNS-generating NO 3 − or NO 2 − media but grew well with NH 4 + and amino acids as sole nitrogen sources.…”

Section: Nmo2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Primers for split marker deletion construct (Wilson et al, 2010). 4 Primers used for qRT-PCR analysis. 5 Primers used to quantify the expression of rice callose synthase-encoding genes (Hao et al, 2008).…”

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M. oryzae infects hosts by first forming specialized infection structures, appressoria, at the tips of germ tubes emerging from spores adhered to the leaf surface. 4,5 A thin penetration peg emerging from an unmelanized patch on the base of the appressorium 6 is forced through the rice leaf cuticle under hydrostatic turgor pressure 1 . In the first penetrated cell, the peg differentiates into primary hyphae then bulbous invasive hyphae (IH) that are surrounded by the plant-derived extra-invasive hyphal membrane (EIHM).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Magnaporthe oryzae nitrooxidative stress response suppresses rice innate immunity during blast disease

et al. 2017

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Understanding how microorganisms manipulate plant innate immunity and colonize host cells is a major goal of plant pathology. Here, we report that the fungal nitrooxidative stress response suppresses host defenses to facilitate the growth and development of the important rice pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae in leaf cells. Nitronate monooxygenases encoded by NMO genes catalyze the oxidative denitrification of nitroalkanes. We show that the M. oryzae NMO2 gene is required for mitigating damaging lipid nitration under nitrooxidative stress conditions and, consequently, for using nitrate and nitrite as nitrogen sources. On plants, the Δnmo2 mutant strain penetrated host cuticles like wild type, but invasive hyphal growth in rice cells was restricted and elicited plant immune responses that included the formation of cellular deposits and a host reactive oxygen species burst. Development of the M. oryzae effector-secreting biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC) was misregulated in the Δnmo2 mutant. Inhibiting or quenching host reactive oxygen species suppressed rice innate immune responses and allowed the Δnmo2 mutant to grow and develop normally in infected cells. NMO2 is thus essential for mitigating nitrooxidative cellular damage and, in rice cells, maintaining redox balance to avoid triggering plant defenses that impact M. oryzae growth and BIC development.Global rice yields are significantly and negatively impacted each year by blast disease caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae 1-3 (synonym of Pyricularia oryzae). Defining the full spectrum of molecular pro- Marroquin-Guzman et al. in Nature Microbiology 2 (2017) 2 cesses used by M. oryzae to manipulate rice innate immunity and allow fungal colonization of host cells might reveal additional sources of pathogen resistance and improve crop health. M. oryzae infects hosts by first forming specialized infection structures, appressoria, at the tips of germ tubes emerging from spores adhered to the leaf surface. 4,5 A thin penetration peg emerging from an unmelanized patch on the base of the appressorium 6 is forced through the rice leaf cuticle under hydrostatic turgor pressure 1 . In the first penetrated cell, the peg differentiates into primary hyphae then bulbous invasive hyphae (IH) that are surrounded by the plant-derived extra-invasive hyphal membrane (EIHM). Branching IH fill the first invaded cell before spreading into neighboring living rice cells at around 44 h post-inoculation. 7,8 This biotrophic growth phase progresses for 4-5 days before M. oryzae enters its necrotrophic phase.To colonize rice cells, M. oryzae must first suppress or avoid triggering two types of plant innate immunity that protect against microbial attack [9][10][11] : pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI), which can be suppressed by microbial effectors, and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), if effectors are detected. The biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC), a host membrane-derived structure, is formed behind M. oryzae IH in each in...

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Section: Nmo2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nmo2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Magnaporthe oryzae nitrooxidative stress response suppresses rice innate immunity during blast disease

et al. 2017

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“…A polarised germ tube develops, and the fungus forms a melanised dome-shaped cell called an appressorium in the presence of the appropriate extracellular physical and chemical signals, for instance, hydrophobicity of the leaf surface (Veneault-Fourrey et al 2006; Ryder and Talbot 2015). The most apical nucleus of the conidium undergoes mitosis, and one nucleus migrates to the incipient appressorium, followed by autophagy of the conidium (Veneault-Fourrey et al 2006; Saunders et al 2010a).…”

Section: Early Events In Rice Blast Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nuclear contortionist: the mitotic migration ofMagnaporthe oryzaenuclei during plant infection

Pfeifer

Khang

2018

Mycology

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Magnaporthe oryzae is a filamentous fungus, which causes significant destruction to cereal crops worldwide. To infect plant cells, the fungus develops specialised constricted structures such as the penetration peg and the invasive hyphal peg. Live-cell imaging of M. oryzae during plant infection reveals that nuclear migration occurs during intermediate mitosis, in which the nuclear envelope neither completely disassembles nor remains entirely intact. Remarkably, in M. oryzae, mitotic nuclei show incredible malleability while undergoing confined migration through the constricted penetration and invasive hyphal pegs. Here, we review early events in plant infection, discuss intermediate mitosis, and summarise current knowledge of intermediate mitotic nuclear migration in M. oryzae.

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The molecular mechanism underlying pathogenicity inhibition by sanguinarine in Magnaporthe oryzae

Anjago

Zeng

Chen

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Sanguinarine (SAN) is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid that broadly targets a range of pathways in mammalian and fungal cells. In this study we set out to explore the molecular mechanism of sanguinarine inhibition of the fungal development and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae with the hope that sanguinarine will bolster the development of antiblast agents. RESULTS We found that the fungus exhibited a significant reduction in vegetative growth and hyphal melanization while the spores produced long germ tubes on the artificial hydrophobic surface characteristic of a defect in thigmotropic sensing when exposed to 4, 8 and 0.5 μm sanguinarine, respectively. Consistent with these findings, we observed that the genes involved in melanin biosynthesis and the fungal hydrophobin MoMPG1 were remarkably suppressed in mycelia treated with 8 μm sanguinarine. Additionally, sanguinarine inhibited appressorium formation at a dose of 1.0 μm and this defect was restored by supplementing 5 mM of exogenous cAMP. By qRT‐PCR assay we found cAMP pathway signalling genes such as MoCAP1 and MoCpkA were significantly repressed whereas MoCDTF1 and MoSOM1 were upregulated in sanguinarine‐treated strains. Furthermore, we showed that sanguinarine does not selectively inhibit vegetative growth and appressorium formation of Guy11 but also other strains of M. oryzae. Finally, treatment of sanguinarine impaired the appressorium‐mediated penetration and pathogenicity of M. oryzae in a dose‐dependent manner. CONCLUSION Based on our results we concluded that sanguinarine is an attractive antimicrobial candidate for fungicide development in the control of rice blast disease. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Regulation of appressorium development in pathogenic fungi

Cited by 203 publications

References 42 publications

The Magnaporthe oryzae nitrooxidative stress response suppresses rice innate immunity during blast disease

The Magnaporthe oryzae nitrooxidative stress response suppresses rice innate immunity during blast disease

A nuclear contortionist: the mitotic migration ofMagnaporthe oryzaenuclei during plant infection

The molecular mechanism underlying pathogenicity inhibition by sanguinarine in Magnaporthe oryzae

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