Regulation of Gene Expression by Cofactors Derived from B Vitamins.

Abstract

SummaryVitamins represent precursor molecules for the majority of cofactors essential for various enzyme activities. Is the expression of proteins that require a specific cofactor for their function correlated to its availability? Examples are presented and discussed of the involvement of vitamin-derived cofactors in the regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression in bacteria and eukaryotes at the transcriptional and trans lational level.

Biotin increases glucokinase expression via soluble guanylate cyclase/protein kinase G, adenosine triphosphate production and autocrine action of insulin in pancreatic rat islets☆

“…Examples are the lipophilic vitamins A and D that serve as ligand precursors of the hormone nuclear receptors superfamily and thus affect systemic functions [1][2][3]. Although little is known about watersoluble vitamins as genetic modulators, there is increasing number of examples of their effects on gene expression [5][6][7][8].…”

Pharmacological effects of biotin

“…Increasing knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of these vitamins has opened new perspectives that form a connection between nutritional signals and the development of new therapeutic agents [5,6]. Although little is known about water-soluble vitamins as genetic modulators, there are increasing examples of their effects on gene expression [7][8][9].…”

Modulation of hepatic gene expression profiles by vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin supplementation in mice exposed to acute hypoxia

“…Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that some of B vitamins also participate in the regulation of gene expression (Brandsch 1994). Recently, Liu and Zempleni (2014) reported that vitamin B 2 deficiency changed the expression pattern of pro-inflammatory genes through a loss of lysine-specific demethylase 1 activity in human T Lymphoma Jurkat cells.…”